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Table of Contents
Basic Syntax
Example: Single-Column Index
Example: Composite Index (Multiple Columns)
Unique Index
When to Use Indexes
Some Tips
Home Database SQL How do you create an index in SQL?

How do you create an index in SQL?

Aug 02, 2025 am 12:33 AM
sql index

Creating indexes can improve query performance. The answer is to use the CREATE INDEX statement to create indexes on highly selective columns commonly used in WHERE, JOIN, ORDER BY or GROUP BY. 1. Single column indexes such as CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users (email); 2. For composite indexes, pay attention to the column order such as CREATE INDEX idx_users_name ON users (last_name, first_name); 3. Unique indexes prevent duplicate values such as CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_users_phone ON users (phone); excessive indexing should be avoided to prevent affecting the write operation performance. In the end, the index column should be selected reasonably according to the query mode to achieve the best effect.

How do you create an index in SQL?

Creating an index in SQL helps speed up query performance by allowing the database to find rows more quickly. You use the CREATE INDEX statement to do this. Here's how it works:

How do you create an index in SQL?

Basic Syntax

 CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column1, column2, ...);
  • index_name : A name you choose for the index.
  • table_name : The table where the index is being created.
  • column1, column2, ... : The column(s) you want to index. Indexes can be on one or multiple columns.

Example: Single-Column Index

If you frequently search users by their email in a users table:

 CREATE INDEX idx_users_email
ON users (email);

This creates an index called idx_users_email on the email column.

How do you create an index in SQL?

Example: Composite Index (Multiple Columns)

If you often filter by both last_name and first_name :

 CREATE INDEX idx_users_name
ON users (last_name, first_name);

This creates a composite index. The order of columns matters for query performance.

How do you create an index in SQL?

Unique Index

To ensure no duplicate values in a column (like a phone number):

 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_users_phone
ON users (phone);

This prevents inserting duplicate phone numbers and enforces data integrity.


When to Use Indexes

  • On columns used in WHERE , JOIN , ORDER BY , or GROUP BY clauses.
  • On columns with high selectivity (many unique values).
  • Avoid over-indexing — every index slows down INSERT , UPDATE , and DELETE operations.

Some Tips

  • Use describe names like idx_table_column for clarity.
  • Most databases automatically create indexes for primary keys and unique constraints.
  • You can drop an index later with:
     DROP INDEX index_name;

    Creating an index is simple, but choosing the right columns and understanding query patterns is key to getting the best performance. Basically, index the columns you search by most — but don't go overboard.

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