When doing front-end development to adapt to smart TVs, you need to pay attention to layout, interaction and performance. 1. The layout should be large and clear, the button height should be at least 60px, the main title should not be less than 32px, and the font size should be dynamically adjusted using rem units; 2. The remote control has smooth navigation, set tabindex, reasonable focus order and obvious focus style to avoid focus loss; 3. Performance optimization cannot be ignored, compress pictures, simplify animations, delay loading of non-critical resources, and reduce DOM nodes; 4. The test environment is real, simulate remote control buttons, use real machine debugging tools, test compatibility with multi-brands, and output logs to the page area.

The front-end development is suitable for smart TVs, but it actually has many similarities with mobile web development, but it also has its unique challenges. The biggest difference is the interaction mode, screen size and performance limitations. What you are facing is not a mouse or finger, but a remote control; it is not a high-resolution small screen, but a large screen for viewing from a distance; the equipment performance is uneven and you cannot pile up special effects like a mobile phone.

If you have done responsive design before, it has laid a good foundation. The next step is to make some targeted optimizations in terms of layout, interaction and performance.

1. The layout should be large and clear

Although the TV screen is large, users are sitting on the sofa to "see from a distance", so the text and buttons must be large and clear enough, and they cannot copy the size standards of the mobile terminal.

• Button height is recommended to start at least 60px
• The font size main title should not be less than 32px, and the text should not be less than 24px.
• Leave enough space between controls to avoid visual crowding

Consider using the rem unit of CSS and dynamically adjusting the root font size according to the screen width. For example, on a 1920px wide screen, put html { font-size: 20px } so that 1rem is 20px, making it easier to control the proportion when writing styles.

2. The remote control navigation should be smooth

There is no mouse hover or click to drag, so you can only navigate through the up and down left and right keys. At this time, focus management becomes particularly important.

• All operable elements must be focused through the remote control (tabindex settings)
• The focus order is reasonable and conforms to the user's expected logic
• The focus style is obvious, letting the user know which area it is currently in

For example: a horizontally scrolled menu bar, when the user right-clicks, it should automatically scroll to the next option and highlight. If the current item is not visible, the page needs to scroll automatically to make it into view.

In addition, be careful to prevent the "focus loss" problem. For example, after the pop-up window appears, the focus does not return to the button in the pop-up window, and the user has no idea what to do next.

3. Performance optimization cannot be ignored

Many smart TVs have relatively old operating systems, their browser cores are not advanced, and their memory and GPU capabilities are limited. Resources such as animation, video, and pictures should be handled with extra care.

• Try to compress the picture and save space using WebP format
• Keep animations simple and avoid complex CSS3 or large amounts of JS animations
• First-screen content is loaded first, non-critical resources are delayed
• Reduce the number of DOM nodes and avoid over-necked structures

For example, when you are making a carousel, you may not need to add too many transition effects, but use simple fades or direct switching to ensure smoothness.

4. The test environment must be real

The most difficult thing in developing TV applications is that debugging is inconvenient. Most TV browsers do not have developer tools and remote debugging is not stable.

You can do this:

• Simulate remote control buttons to test navigation logic on PC
• Use real machine debugging tools, such as Samsung Tizen Studio, LG WebOS SDK
• Prepare several TVs of different brands to test compatibility
• Output the log to a certain area of the page to facilitate viewing the running status

Sometimes a certain CSS attribute is not supported in a TV browser, or a JS method error is reported, which is common. You have to try more and adjust more.

Basically that's it. The development of smart TV front-end is not difficult, but there are many details, so it is easy to ignore small problems in the experience. As long as you start from the user's perspective and focus on the core points of focus, layout and performance, you can create an usable and beautiful TV interface.

The above is the detailed content of Frontend Development for Smart TVs. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!