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Table of Contents
How to correctly load .env files
Which configurations are suitable for .env
Tips and FAQs when using variables
Home PHP Framework Laravel Using Environment variables (.env file) in Laravel.

Using Environment variables (.env file) in Laravel.

Aug 01, 2025 am 05:42 AM
laravel .env file

In the Laravel project, the .env file is used to manage environment variables, improving security and maintainability. To load .env files correctly, Laravel will automatically read by default, but in some server environments, the php artisan config:clear and php artisan config:cache commands need to be run to ensure that variables are cached correctly; configurations suitable for .env include database connections, API keys, application switches and third-party service configurations; when using it, you should note that the variable type is default to strings, avoid repeated definitions, preferentially use config() instead of env(), and support multi-environment configuration through .env.testing and other files, while avoiding submitting sensitive information to version control.

Using Environment variables (.env file) in Laravel.

Using .env files in Laravel projects to manage environment variables is a very common and recommended practice. It allows you to separate configuration information from your code, making it easier to switch flexibly in different environments, such as development, testing and production environments.

Using Environment variables (.env file) in Laravel.

Here are some practical usage and precautions you may be concerned about:


How to correctly load .env files

By default, Laravel will automatically read the .env file in the project root directory and access these variables through env() function or config() method. But it should be noted that some server environments may not load the .env file into PHP's $_ENV . At this time, you need to manually run the following command to generate or update config/cache.php file:

Using Environment variables (.env file) in Laravel.
 php artisan config:clear
php artisan config:cache

This allows Laravel to cache the values in .env into the configuration file, improving performance while ensuring that variables can be read correctly.


Which configurations are suitable for .env

Not all configurations are suitable for placement in .env . Generally speaking, the following configurations are more suitable:

Using Environment variables (.env file) in Laravel.
  • Database connection information (such as DB_HOST, DB_DATABASE)
  • API keys (such as MAILCHIMP_KEY, STRIPE_SECRET)
  • Application behavior switches (such as APP_DEBUG, CACHE_DRIVER)
  • Third-party service configuration (such as QUEUE_CONNECTION, REDIS_HOST)

Places that are not recommended to place sensitive information include: .env.example or .env files submitted to Git. These can easily lead to key leakage.


Tips and FAQs when using variables

  1. Variable types should be handled with caution
    The values in .env files are all strings by default. For example:

     APP_DEBUG=true

    It's actually the string "true" and not the boolean value. If you make strict judgments in the code, you may make an error.

  2. Do not repeatedly define variables
    If you define the same variables in both .env and .env.example , Laravel will use the value of .env first.

  3. Use config() instead of env() directly
    Try to use config('app.debug') instead of env('APP_DEBUG') in actual code. Because once you enable configuration cache, env() cannot get the correct value.

  4. Multi-environment configuration can be implemented through extended files such as .env.testing
    For example, when you are running unit tests, Laravel will automatically load .env.testing to avoid polluting the configuration of the development environment.


  5. Basically that's it. Using the .env file well can make your Laravel project safer and easier to maintain, but be careful not to write information that should not be exposed, especially remember to clean unnecessary debugging switches before going online.

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