What is the MVC pattern in Laravel?
Aug 01, 2025 am 04:38 AM
The MVC pattern in Laravel separates an application into three components: 1. Model – handles data logic using Eloquent ORM to interact with the database, 2. View – manages the user interface with Blade templates in resources/views, 3. Controller – processes requests, interacts with models, and returns responses to views; this separation ensures organized, scalable, and maintainable code by enforcing distinct roles for each component, enabling team collaboration, reusability, and easier testing, following a clear flow from user request to response rendering.
The MVC pattern in Laravel is a software architectural design that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller. This separation helps organize code, making it easier to manage, scale, and maintain. Laravel, being a modern PHP framework, follows the MVC pattern by default.
Here’s how each component works in Laravel:
1. Model – Handles Data Logic
The Model represents the data layer of your application. It interacts with the database and manages business logic related to data.
- In Laravel, models are typically stored in the
app/Modelsdirectory (orappby default). - Each model usually corresponds to a database table.
- Laravel uses Eloquent ORM, which allows you to query and manipulate data using PHP syntax instead of raw SQL.
Example:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Post extends Model
{
// This model maps to the 'posts' table
}You can then use it in your controller:
$posts = Post::all(); // Fetch all posts from the database
2. View – Handles Presentation (UI)
The View is responsible for what users see — the user interface.
- Views are stored in the
resources/viewsdirectory. - They are usually written using Blade templates (Laravel’s templating engine), which allow you to inject dynamic content easily.
Example (resources/views/posts/index.blade.php):
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<h1>Posts</h1>
@foreach ($posts as $post)
<p>{{ $post->title }}</p>
@endforeach
@endsection3. Controller – Handles Request Logic
The Controller acts as a bridge between Models and Views. It receives HTTP requests, processes them (often by interacting with models), and returns responses (often by passing data to views).
- Controllers are stored in the
app/Http/Controllersdirectory. - They contain methods called "actions" that handle specific routes.
Example:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class PostController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
$posts = Post::all();
return view('posts.index', compact('posts'));
}
}And in your route (routes/web.php):
use App\Http\Controllers\PostController;
Route::get('/posts', [PostController::class, 'index']);Why MVC Matters in Laravel
- Separation of Concerns: Each part has a distinct role, making code easier to debug and test.
- Reusability: Models and controllers can be reused across different parts of the app.
- Team Collaboration: Front-end developers can work on Views while back-end developers handle Models and Controllers.
- Maintainability: Changes in one component (e.g., database schema) don’t necessarily break others.
Summary of Data Flow in Laravel MVC:
- User makes a request (e.g., visits
/posts) - Route directs the request to a Controller
- Controller fetches data using a Model
- Controller passes data to a View
- View renders the HTML and sends it back to the user
Basically, Laravel’s MVC pattern keeps your application organized and scalable — it's not just a convention, it's a best practice built into the framework.
The above is the detailed content of What is the MVC pattern in Laravel?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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