HOCs in Vue are functions that take a component and return an enhanced version, enabling logic reuse like loading states or auth checks; 1. They help reuse logic across components, 2. Keep components clean by abstracting setup, 3. Add functionality without internal changes; however, in modern Vue 3, composables are preferred due to better flexibility and lower risk of issues like wrapper hell or name collisions, making them a more idiomatic and maintainable solution for shared logic.
Higher-Order Components (HOCs) are a pattern in Vue.js (and React) for reusing component logic. While HOCs are more commonly associated with React, the concept can be applied in Vue—though Vue’s ecosystem offers more idiomatic ways (like composables and mixins) to achieve similar goals.
In Vue, a Higher-Order Component is essentially a function that takes a component as input and returns a new, enhanced component with additional props, behavior, or logic.
Why Use HOCs?
HOCs help you:
- Reuse logic across multiple components (e.g., data fetching, authentication checks).
- Keep components clean by abstracting complex setup logic.
- Wrap components with extra functionality without modifying their internals.
Even though Vue 3 encourages using Composables (via the Composition API) instead, understanding HOCs is useful—especially when working with older codebases or when you need to dynamically enhance components.
How to Create a HOC in Vue
Here’s a basic example of a HOC in Vue 3 (using Options API style for clarity):
// hoc/withLoading.js
export function withLoading(WrappedComponent) {
return {
props: WrappedComponent.props || [],
data() {
return {
isLoading: true,
};
},
async mounted() {
// Simulate loading
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
this.isLoading = false;
},
render() {
// Pass down all original props and add isLoading
const props = { ...this.$props, isLoading: this.isLoading };
return this.isLoading
? h('div', 'Loading...')
: h(WrappedComponent, props, this.$slots);
}
};
}Now use it in a component:
import { withLoading } from './hoc/withLoading';
import UserData from './components/UserData.vue';
const UserDataWithLoading = withLoading(UserData);
export default {
components: {
UserDataWithLoading
}
};This wraps UserData with a loading state—automatically showing a loading message for 1 second before rendering the real component.
Common Use Cases
- Authentication guards: Wrap a route component to check if the user is logged in.
- Data fetching: Inject async data before rendering.
- Logging or analytics: Track when a component mounts.
- Permission checks: Disable or hide components based on user roles.
Example: withAuth HOC
function withAuth(WrappedComponent, requiredRole = null) {
return {
setup() {
const user = useAuth(); // assume this returns current user
if (!user.isLoggedIn) {
return () => h('div', 'Please log in.');
}
if (requiredRole && user.role !== requiredRole) {
return () => h('div', 'Access denied.');
}
return () => h(WrappedComponent);
}
};
}HOCs vs. Composables vs. Mixins
| Approach | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| HOCs | Reusable, clear wrapper logic | Can lead to wrapper hell, less intuitive in Vue |
| Mixins | Easy to merge options | Name collisions, unclear dependencies |
| Composables | Flexible, tree-shakable, first-class in Vue 3 | Requires Composition API knowledge |
? In modern Vue (3 ), prefer Composables. They’re more flexible and less error-prone than HOCs or mixins.
For example, the loading logic above could be written as:
// composables/useLoading.js
export function useLoading(delay = 1000) {
const isLoading = ref(true);
onMounted(async () => {
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
isLoading.value = false;
});
return { isLoading };
}Then use it directly in any component:
setup() {
const { isLoading } = useLoading();
return { isLoading };
}Final Thoughts
While HOCs are possible in Vue, they’re not the idiomatic way to share logic. Vue’s reactivity system and Composition API make composables a better fit for most use cases.
That said, HOCs can still be useful in advanced scenarios—like dynamically wrapping components in libraries or when you need to abstract rendering logic.
So:
? You can use HOCs in Vue
? They’re inspired by React
? But in most cases, a composable function is cleaner and more maintainable
Basically, think twice before reaching for an HOC—there’s probably a simpler, more Vue-like way.
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