Merging Cells in HTML Tables: `rowspan` and `colspan`
Jul 31, 2025 am 07:45 AM
The most common use of rowspan and colspan properties to merge cells in HTML tables. 1. Use colspan when cells span multiple columns horizontally, such as header merging; 2. Use rowspan when cells span multiple rows vertically, such as fixed identification data display; 3. Use rowspan and colspan at the same time to achieve complex structures, but pay attention to the matching of layout order and number of cells. To ensure that the total number of columns in each row is consistent, it is recommended to draw sketches first, implement them line by line, and use developer tools to check to avoid misalignment and maintenance difficulties.
The most common method to merge cells in HTML tables is to use rowspan and colspan properties. They control the number of rows and columns spanning a cell, and are suitable for scenarios such as displaying structured data and simplifying table layout.
When to use colspan
When you want a cell to span multiple columns horizontally, use colspan . This is very common when header merging and grouping data to display.
For example, you want the first cell of a certain row to overwrite the first two columns:
<tr> <td colspan="2">This cell occupies two columns</td> <td>The third column content</td> </tr>
After writing this way, the total number of columns in the row will be reduced by one column, and the following <td> should be adjusted accordingly, otherwise the table layout will be easily confused.
Note:
- After the merge, make sure that the total number of columns in each row is consistent, otherwise there will be misalignments.
- Commonly used in title rows or classification summary rows to improve readability.
When to use rowspan
If you want a cell to span multiple rows vertically, use rowspan . It is suitable to keep certain information unchanged in multiple rows of data, such as name, number, etc.
For example:
<tr> <td rowspan="2">Zhang San</td> <td>Chinese</td> <td>85</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics</td> <td>90</td> </tr>
Here, "Zhang San" occupies the height of two lines, and the second line does not need to be added <td> , otherwise it will also lead to misalignment.
Key details:
- Setting
rowspan="n"cell affects the structure of the next n-1 rows. - It is necessary to plan in advance which rows will be affected by the merge to avoid repeated addition of cells.
- Commonly used for data display with fixed labels such as students and products.
Use rowspan and colspan at the same time
Sometimes you will encounter more complex table structures that require both properties to be used at the same time. At this time, you should be more careful about the layout order and number of cells.
For example, want a cell to span two columns and two rows:
<tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2">Span two rows and two columns</td> <td>Content on the right 1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Content on the right 2</td> </tr>
In this case, the first row has only two cells (one to the right after the merge) and the second row has only one visible cell. Pay special attention to whether the structure of subsequent lines matches.
Suggested practices:
- First draw a sketch and mark the position of each cell.
- Implement row by row according to HTML structure, and first process the merged cells.
- Use the browser developer tool to check whether the table structure is correct.
Basically that's it. Using rowspan and colspan rationally can make the table clearer and more layered, but you should also be careful not to over-neck it, otherwise it will be more troublesome to maintain.
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