Use regexp.MatchString to determine whether the string matches the regular, such as \\d can match a string containing a number, return true; 2. When reusing the regular, it should be compiled through regexp.MustCompile to improve performance, such as extracting all letter strings with [a-zA-Z]; 3. Use brackets to define the capture group to extract specific content, such as (\\w): (\\d ) to extract name and age from the text; 4. ReplaceAllString can replace matching text, such as if replacing the number with XXX, ReplaceAllStringFunc supports dynamic replacement; 5. Use regular verification of the mailbox format, such as ^[a-zA-Z0-9._% -] @[a-zA-Z0-9.-] \\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$ is suitable for general scenarios; 6. Regular Split can split strings by pattern, such as \\s*,\\s* to flexibly process comma-separated values with spaces; Go regularity is based on RE2, and it is recommended to combine backticks to avoid escapes, and use online tools to test in front of complex scenarios. Most needs can be met with Find, Replace, Split, and Match on a daily basis.
Go's regexp package provides powerful support for regular expressions, which is simple and efficient to use. The following are several common examples to quickly grasp the typical usage of regular expressions in Go.
1. Basic matching: Check whether the string matches
Use regexp.MatchString to quickly determine whether a string conforms to a regular pattern.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"regexp"
)
func main() {
matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(`\d `, "There are 123 numbers")
fmt.Println(matched) // Output: true
}Description:
\dmeans matching one or more numbers.
2. Compile regular expressions (recommended for reuse)
If you want to use the regular multiple times, it is recommended to first compile with regexp.MustCompile to improve performance.
r := regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z] `)
matches := r.FindAllString("Hello123World456Go", -1)
fmt.Println(matches) // Output: [Hello World Go]Description:
FindAllStringreturns all matching strings,-1means returning all matching items.
3. Extract grouping information (capture bracket content)
The brackets () in the regular can define a "capture group" to extract specific parts.
text := "John: 25 years old, Jane: 30 years old"
r := regexp.MustCompile(`(\w ): (\d ) years old`)
results := r.FindAllStringSubmatch(text, -1)
for _, match := range results {
name := match[1]
age := match[2]
fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %s\n", name, age)
}Output:
Name: John, Age: 25 Name: Jane, Age: 30
illustrate:
match[0]is the complete matchmatch[1]is the first bracket contentmatch[2]is the second bracket content
4. Replace text
Use ReplaceAllString to replace the matching content.
r := regexp.MustCompile(`\d `)
newText := r.ReplaceAllString("Call me at 555-1234", "XXX")
fmt.Println(newText) // Output: Call me at XXX-XXXFunction dynamic replacement can also be used:
r := regexp.MustCompile(`\d `)
result := r.ReplaceAllStringFunc("Price: 100, Tax: 20", func(s string) string {
return "(" s ")"
})
fmt.Println(result) // Output: Price: (100), Tax: (20)5. Verify the mailbox format (practical example)
email := "user@example.com"
r := regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9._% -] @[a-zA-Z0-9.-] \.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$`)
fmt.Println(r.MatchString(email)) // trueThis is a simplified version of mailbox verification, suitable for general purposes (note: full mailbox verification is very complex, and actual projects are recommended to combine with libraries or backend verification).
6. Split string
Regularity can also be used to split strings, which is more flexible than strings.Split .
r := regexp.MustCompile(`\s*,\s*`)
parts := r.Split("apple, banana, cherry", -1)
fmt.Println(parts) // Output: [apple banana cherry]Description:
\s*matches any whitespace characters, suitable for handling irregular spaces.
Tips
- Use backticks (
`) to define regular strings to avoid the hassle of escaping - Complex rules are recommended to test them first in online tools (such as regex101.com)
- Don't rely too much on regularity. Simple string operations are more efficient with
stringspackage.
Basically these common scenarios. Go's regular syntax is based on RE2 and does not support some complex features (such as backward references), but is safe and efficient enough. In daily use, combining Find , Replace , Split , and Match can solve most problems.
The above is the detailed content of go by example regular expressions. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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