To create a simple HTTP server, you can first use Go's net/http package to implement it; 1. Write a processing function to respond to requests; 2. Use http.HandleFunc to register a route; 3. Call http.ListenAndServe to start the service; 4. You can add multiple routes to handle different paths; 5. Use middleware to implement logging, permission control and other functions; 6. Use http.FileServer to provide static file services. The entire process requires no additional framework and is suitable for small projects or prototype verification.
Creating a simple HTTP server is actually quite straightforward in Go, especially the standard library has helped you with a lot of work. You don't need to introduce an extra framework, and you can quickly build a available service with the net/http package.
Basic structure: Write the simplest server
Go's net/http package provides a very concise interface to start an HTTP service. You can implement a server that can respond to requests through a few lines of code:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, World!")
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", hello)
fmt.Println("Starting server at :8080")
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
} This code registers a handler that returns "Hello, World!" when accessing the root path / . After running, you can see the results by visiting http://localhost:8080 .
Add multiple routes: Support different paths
If you want the server to respond to different URL paths, such as /about or /contact , you only need to add a few more http.HandleFunc :
http.HandleFunc("/about", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "About page")
})
http.HandleFunc("/contact", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Contact us")
})Each path can be bound to different processing logic. This method is suitable for small projects or when doing prototype verification.
Use middleware: add logs, cross-domain and other functions
Although the default http.ListenAndServe is very convenient, sometimes you want to add some features, such as recording request logs or handling cross-domain (CORS). At this time, you can wrap the handler yourself, or use third-party libraries (such as Gorilla Mux with middleware).
A simple log middleware can be written like this:
func loggingMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Printf("Received request: %s %s\n", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
next(w, r)
}
}Then wrap your handler in:
http.HandleFunc("/", loggingMiddleware(hello))This way, the method and path will be printed out every time the request is requested. Similar methods can also be used for permission checking, current limiting and other operations.
Static file service: Provide HTML, CSS, and JS files
If you want this server to provide static resources, such as HTML pages or images, you can use http.FileServer :
fs := http.FileServer(http.Dir("static"))
http.Handle("/static/", http.StripPrefix("/static/", fs)) Suppose you have a directory called static that contains CSS and JS files, then you can get the corresponding content by visiting /static/style.css .
Be careful to align the paths, make sure the directory structure is correct, and do not expose unnecessary files.
Basically that's it. Go writing HTTP server is not complicated, but what is easy to ignore is routing order, middleware nesting and error handling. However, for small projects, the standard library is enough.
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