Use the uuid module to obtain the MAC address of the first network card of the machine across the platform, without the need for a third-party library, and convert it to a standard format through uuid.getnode(); 2. Use subprocess to call system commands such as ipconfig or ifconfig, and combine it with regular extraction of all network card MAC addresses, which is suitable for scenarios where multiple network card information needs to be obtained; 3. Use the third-party library getmac, and call get_mac_address() after installation to obtain the MAC, which supports query by interface or IP, but requires additional dependencies; in summary, if no external library is needed, the uuid method is recommended. If you need to flexibly obtain multi-network card information, you can use the subprocess solution, which allows you to allow the most convenient way to install dependencies. Choose the appropriate method according to actual needs.

Obtaining MAC addresses can be implemented in Python in many ways. The following describes several common and practical methods that are suitable for Windows, Linux, and macOS systems.

1. Use uuid module (recommended, cross-platform)

This is the easiest and most general method, using the uuid module in the Python standard library to obtain the MAC address of the native machine.

 import uuid

def get_mac_address():
    mac = uuid.getnode()
    # Convert integers to standard MAC address format (such as aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff)
    mac_hex = ':'.join(['{:02x}'.format((mac >> (i * 8)) & 0xff) for i in range(5, -1, -1)])
    return mac_hex

print("MAC Address:", get_mac_address())

?Pros : No third-party library is required, compatible with all platforms.
??Note : The returned MAC of the first network card of the machine, which may not be an active network card, but it is valid in most cases.

2. Use subprocess to call system commands (more flexible)

Call the corresponding commands according to different operating systems (such as ipconfig /all in Windows, ifconfig or ip in Linux/macOS).

 import subprocess
import re
import platform

def get_mac_address_by_cmd():
    os_type = platform.system()

    if os_type == "Windows":
        cmd = "ipconfig /all"
    elif os_type == "Linux":
        cmd = "ifconfig"
    elif os_type == "Darwin": # macOS
        cmd = "ifconfig"
    else:
        return "Unsupported OS"

    try:
        output = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode()
        # Find regular expressions for MAC addresses (common formats: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx or xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx)
        mac_addresses = re.findall(r'([0-9a-fA-F]{2}[:-]){5}([0-9a-fA-F]{2})', output)
        # Deduplicate and format unique_macs = list(set(re.findall(r'([0-9a-fA-F]{2}[:-]){5}([0-9a-fA-F]{2})', output)))
        return [match[0][:-1] for match in unique_macs] # Extract the complete MAC
    except Exception as e:
        return f"Error: {e}"

print("MAC Addresses found:", get_mac_address_by_cmd())

? Advantages : You can obtain the MAC address of multiple network cards.
??Note : Regular matching needs to be fine-tuned according to the system output format; ifconfig output formats for macOS and Linux are slightly different.

3. Use the third-party library getmac (simple but requires installation)

If you don't mind using third-party libraries, getmac is a convenient option.

Install:

 pip install getmac

Example of usage:

 from getmac import get_mac_address

# Get the local MAC
mac = get_mac_address()
print("MAC Address:", mac)

# You can also get the MAC for the specified IP or interface
# mac = get_mac_address(ip="192.168.1.1")
# mac = get_mac_address(interface="eth0")

? Advantages : The API is simple and supports multiple query methods.
?Disadvantages : Additional installation dependencies are required, and are not suitable for pure standard library environments.

Summary: Select a suggestion

• If you want to not rely on external libraries , using uuid.getnode() is the easiest.
• If you want to obtain the real active network card MAC or multiple network card information, use subprocess 系統(tǒng)命令.
• If the project allows the installation of packages, the getmac library is more intuitive and flexible.

Basically, just choose one of these commonly used methods according to your usage scenario.

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