Managing User Privileges and Roles in MySQL Effectively
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:30 AMCreate a minimum permission user, use role management, clean up permissions regularly, pay attention to permission levels and take effect. Create users who can only operate specific database tables for web applications to avoid global authorization; create roles to manage multi-user permissions uniformly, modify roles to update synchronously; regularly use SELECT User and SHOW GRANTS to check and delete invalid accounts and high-risk permissions; set permissions to distinguish global, database, table and other levels, and then perform FLUSH PRIVILEGES to take effect, and ensure that the host matches when users connect to ensure security and maintenance efficiency.
Managing user rights and roles in MySQL is actually not difficult, but to do it clearly, safely and efficiently, you have to pay attention to methods. The key is to reasonably divide permissions, avoid excessive authorization, and maintain convenience in maintenance.

The following is based on several common needs and talk about how to operate it more practical.
Create a user with minimal permissions
Many people initially use their root
account or grant ALL PRIVILEGES
to users for convenience, which is a hidden danger. The correct way is to only give necessary permissions based on the actual needs of the user.

For example, if a web application only needs to read and write a few tables in a certain database, then do not give global permissions, nor do you allow it to have high-risk operations such as DROP
or DELETE
.
The command to create a user is roughly as follows:

CREATE USER 'app_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON mydb.* TO 'app_user'@'localhost';
This restricts this user from doing basic data operations under the mydb
database, and cannot create tables and delete libraries, which is more secure.
Use roles to simplify permission management
If you have a group of users that all require the same set of permissions, such as multiple developers need to access the same test database, you can consider using Role to manage it uniformly.
Create a role first:
CREATE ROLE dev_role;
Then authorize this role:
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON testdb.* TO 'dev_role'@'%';
Assign roles to users:
GRANT dev_role TO 'dev1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'pass1'; GRANT dev_role TO 'dev2'@'%';
The advantage of this is that when permissions need to be adjusted, you only need to change the permissions of the role once, and all associated users will be automatically updated, which saves trouble and is not prone to errors.
Regularly check and clean invalid users and permissions
Over time, some accounts that are no longer used may accumulate in the system, or the permissions are no longer applicable. Regular cleaning is important.
You can use the following statement to view which users are currently there:
SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user;
You can also check the permissions of a certain user:
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'some_user'@'host';
It is recommended to conduct an audit every quarter or six months to delete unused users and recycle unnecessary permissions, especially those accounts with dangerous permissions such as SUPER
and DROP
.
Pay attention to the scope of the authority and the timing of its effectiveness
MySQL permissions are divided into several levels: global level, database level, table level, and column level. The scope of the permissions at different levels is different. When setting them, you must be clear about what you want to control.
In addition, the permissions are sometimes not effective immediately after modification, especially after you manually modify mysql
system table. Remember to run:
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Otherwise the new settings may not work.
There is another small detail: if the user uses the wrong Host
when connecting (for example, you created user@localhost
but it is connected from a remote IP), it will be rejected even if the username and password are correct.
Basically that's it. MySQL's permission mechanism is quite flexible, but the key is "distribution on demand", so as not to temporarily create security risks. If you make good use of the principles of roles and minimum permissions, daily maintenance will be much easier.
The above is the detailed content of Managing User Privileges and Roles in MySQL Effectively. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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