How to create CSS animations using `@keyframes`?
Jul 28, 2025 am 04:24 AM
@keyframes is the core tool for CSS animations that define animation keyframes. 1. It achieves animation effects by specifying style changes when different percentages, such as @keyframes spin to control rotation; 2. It needs to be bound to elements with the animation attribute, set duration, speed function, etc.; 3. Common problems include inconsistent names, no duration or being overwritten by other styles; 4. Multiple keyframes can be added to make the animation more natural, such as bounce bounce effect; 5. You can also use animation-direction, animation-delay, etc. to control direction and delay. It is recommended to simplify animation and use developer tools to debug.
If you want to make the web page move, @keyframes is the core tool of CSS animation. It allows you to define every frame of the animation, controlling elements smoothly transitioning from one style to another.
What is @keyframes ?
@keyframes is a CSS rule that defines the style changes of each time point in the animation. You can understand it as an "animation script" that tells the browser what style changes to do at a certain percentage.
The basic structure is as follows:
@keyframes example {
0% { background-color: red; }
50% { background-color: yellow; }
100% { background-color: green; }
}In the example above, the background color will change from red to yellow and then to green. Each percentage represents the progress of the animation, and multiple keyframes can be written to enrich the effect.
How to create animation using @keyframes ?
Creating a complete animation requires two steps: defining the keyframe and binding the animation properties .
1. Define keyframes
Use @keyframes to add the animation name you named yourself (such as slideIn or spin ):
@keyframes spin {
from {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
to {
transform: rotate(360deg);
}
}You can also write it in percentages:
@keyframes spin {
0% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
100% {
transform: rotate(360deg);
}
} from and to are abbreviated forms of 0% and 100% , and both ways of writing are OK.
2. Bind animation properties
After definition, you need to use the animation attribute or its child attribute to apply it to the element:
.spinner {
animation-name: spin;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}Or in abbreviation:
.spinner {
animation: spin 2s linear infinite;
}This way the element will rotate infinitely.
FAQs and Tips
The animation does not take effect? Check these points:
- Make sure
animation-nameand@keyframesnames are consistent. - Check whether
animation-durationis set, the default is 0, which means it will not move. - Check if there are other CSSs that overwrite animation properties.
- If
display: noneorvisibility: hiddenis used, the animation will not be displayed.
Multiple keyframes can be added
Not just the beginning, the middle, and the end, you can add as many keyframes as you like:
@keyframes bounce {
0% { top: 0px; }
30% { top: 100px; }
60% { top: 50px; }
100% { top: 80px; }
}This will make the animation more natural and simulate the bounce effect.
Use animation directions and delays
You can control the direction of the animation, delayed playback time, etc.:
-
animation-direction:normal,reverse,alternate,alternate-reverse -
animation-delay: Sets the delay to start for a few seconds -
animation-fill-mode: controls the style state before and after animation
Practical advice
- Don't be too complicated to affect performance.
- Use browser developer tools to debug the animation process.
- Encapsulate common animations into classes for easy reuse.
Basically that's it. After mastering @keyframes , you can create various custom animation effects, which are not difficult but need to be paid attention to in the details.
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