Backdrop-filter is used to apply visual effects to the content behind elements, such as blur or color adjustment, so as to achieve modern UI effects such as frosted glass; 1. The translucent background must be used to make the content behind visible; 2. Support filter functions such as blur(), brightness(), contrast(); 3. Commonly used in glassmorphism; 4. Performance impact needs to be considered, especially on mobile devices; 5. Degradation solutions should be provided through @supports to ensure compatibility. This property only affects visual rendering, does not affect layout or interaction, and is well supported in modern browsers, but excessive use should be avoided.
The backdrop-filter CSS property applies visual effects—like blurring or color shifting—to the area behind an element and its children. Unlike regular filters that affect the element itself, backdrop-filter works on the content behind the element, making it especially useful for creating glass-like, translate UI effects.
This is commonly seen in modern design systems—think of frosted glass panels (often called "glassmorphism"), where you see a blurred background through a semi-transparent container.
How It Works
The filter is applied to everything that's visually behind the element in the stacking context. This means it affects:
- Backgrounds of lower elements
- Text, images, or videos beneath the container
- Even parts of other overlapping elements, depending on stacking order
It only works when the element has some degree of transparency or isn't fully opaque, so you can actually see the background through it.
Common Uses and Examples
1. Glassmorphism Effect
A popular design trend using blur and transparency:
.glass-panel {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 10px;
}This creates a frosted glass look, where the content behind the panel appears softly blurred.
2. Color Adjustments Behind an Element
You can also use it to tweak contrast, brightness, or satisfaction of the background:
.contrast-panel {
backdrop-filter: contrast(150%) brightness(90%);
}Supported Filters
You can use most standard CSS filter functions:
-
blur() -
brightness() -
contrast() -
grayscale() -
hue-rotate() -
opacity() -
saturate() -
invert() - And combinations of them
Example with multiple filters:
.fancy-overlay {
backdrop-filter: blur(4px) saturate(150%) hue-rotate(90deg);
}Browser Support & Performance
- Support : Well-supported in modern browsers (Chrome, Edge, Safari, Firefox), though older versions may not support it.
- Performance : Can be expensive on performance, especially
blur(), since it requires real-time compositing of the background. Use sparingly on mobile or low-end devices.
Also, consider using @supports for graceful degradation:
@supports (backdrop-filter: blur(1px)) {
.panel {
backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}
}
@supports not (backdrop-filter: blur(1px)) {
.panel {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); /* Fallback without blur */
}
}Key Notes
- The element must not be fully opaque (use
rgba,hsla, ortransparentbackgrounds). - It only affects the visual rendering of what's behind—not layout or interaction.
- Works great with
position: fixedoverlays (eg, modals, headers) where the background is dynamic.
Basically, backdrop-filter is a powerful tool for modern, layered UIs—especially when you want elements to interact visually with what's underneath them. Just don't overuse it.
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