It is recommended to switch from Prefork to Event MPM to improve high concurrency performance. If your website has a large number of visits or wants to optimize Apache performance, you should confirm whether the current MPM is Prefork (viewed via httpd -V | grep MPM), and ensure that the Apache version is 2.4 and above. If you use the system package installation, edit the configuration file to enable mpm-event and disable mpm-prefork; if it is a source code installation, specify --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event when reconfigure. Note that modules such as mod_php need to be replaced with FastCGI methods such as php-fpm. After switching, you also need to adjust the Event MPM related parameters, such as StartServers, ThreadsPerChild, MaxRequestWorkers, etc. After the setting is completed, use apachectl configtest to verify the configuration and restart the service. The entire process requires attention to module compatibility and configuration details. It is recommended to verify it first in the test environment.
Apache's MPM (Multi-Processing Module) determines how the server handles concurrent requests. Prefork is a relatively traditional model, each request is processed by one process, which is stable but has high resource consumption; Event MPM is more suitable for high concurrency scenarios and can use system resources more efficiently. If your website has increased visits or you want to optimize performance, switching from Prefork to Event MPM is a great option.
Confirm the current MPM
Before you start, confirm whether you are currently using Prefork and whether your Apache supports Event MPM.
You can view it by:
httpd -V | grep MPM
If the output is similar to Server MPM: prefork , it means that you are indeed running in Prefork mode now.
Also, make sure your Apache version is 2.4 and above, because Event MPM may be incomplete or unavailable in earlier versions.
How to switch to Event MPM
The switching method depends on whether you install Apache through source code or using a system package manager (such as yum or apt).
If you are installing it with a system package (such as CentOS/RHEL or Ubuntu)
Edit Apache's configuration file, usually
/etc/sysconfig/httpd(CentOS) or create/etc/apache2/conf-available/mpm-event.conf(Ubuntu)Find the place where the MPM is set and change the default
preforktoeventDisable the Prefork module and enable the Event module:
a2dismod mpm_prefork a2enmod mpm_event
Restart Apache:
systemctl restart apache2 # Ubuntu systemctl restart httpd # CentOS
Note: Some modules (such as mod_php) can only be run under Prefork. If you use these modules, you have to switch to FastCGI methods such as php-fpm to smoothly switch.
If you are compiling and installing Apache from source code
Add parameters when rerunning the configure script:
./configure --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event
Recompile and install:
make && make install
Check whether it is effective before starting:
httpd -V | grep MPM
Configuration optimization suggestions
After switching to Event MPM, some default configurations may not be suitable for the new model and need to be adjusted appropriately.
- StartServers : You can keep the default value unless you have special requirements.
- MinSpareThreads / MaxSpareThreads : Controls the number of idle threads, generally does not need to be adjusted too high.
- ThreadsPerChild : How many threads can each child process handle, usually set to between 25 and 75.
- MaxRequestWorkers : This value is equal to ThreadsPerChild × the number of child processes, and should be adjusted according to memory and load conditions.
The place where these parameters are modified is usually in the main configuration file of Apache, such as:
- CentOS/RHEL:
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf - Ubuntu:
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.confor a separate configuration file
For example, you can set it like this:
<IfModule mpm_event_module>
StartServers 2
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 50
MaxRequestWorkers 250
MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
</IfModule>Remember to test whether the configuration is correct after modification:
apachectl configtest
Restart the service again without any problem.
Basically that's it. The switch itself is not too complicated, but pay attention to module compatibility and configuration details. If you are not sure whether some modules support Event MPM, it is best to check the documentation first or do a test environment to verify it.
The above is the detailed content of How to switch from Prefork to Event MPM?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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