<tt id="pdr6g"><option id="pdr6g"></option></tt>

\n

My Site<\/h1><\/header>\n
{{block \"content\" .}}Default content{{end}}<\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html><\/pre>

Page template:<\/h4>
 {{define \"title\"}}Home{{end}}\n{{define \"content\"}}\n  

Welcome to the home page!<\/p>\n{{end}}<\/pre>

Go code:<\/h4>
 tpl := template.Must(template.New(\"base\").ParseFiles(\"layout.html\", \"home.html\"))\ntpl.ExecuteTemplate(os.Stdout, \"base\", nil)<\/pre>

This pattern lets you build modular, reusable layouts.<\/p>


8. Best Practices<\/h3>
  • ? Always use html\/template<\/code> for HTML output.<\/li>
  • ? Pre-parse templates in production (don't parse on every request).<\/li>
  • ? Use template.Must()<\/code> during initialization to catch errors early.<\/li>
  • ? Keep logic minimum in templates—do heavy lifting in Go code.<\/li>
  • ? Organize templates into files and use ParseFiles<\/code> or ParseGlob<\/code> .<\/li><\/ul>
     \/\/ Load all templates from a folder\ntpl := template.Must(template.ParseGlob(\"templates\/*.html\"))<\/pre>
    \n

    Go's templating engine might feel minimal compared to other languages, but its simplicity, type safety, and security features make it ideal for building reliable applications—especially web servers.<\/p>\n

    Basically, once you get the hang of the dot, actions, and escaping rules, it becomes a solid tool in your Go toolkit.<\/p>"}

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    Table of Contents
    2. Basic Template Syntax
    Example: Simple greeting
    3. Structs, Slices, and Maps in Templates
    Using a struct with a slice:
    4. Control Structures: if , else , range
    5. Creating Reusable Templates with define and template
    6. Using html/template Safely
    7. Template Inheritance with Blocks (via define and block )
    Base layout ( layout.html ):
    Page template:
    Go code:
    8. Best Practices
    Home Backend Development Golang A Guide to Go's Templating Engine

    A Guide to Go's Templating Engine

    Jul 26, 2025 am 08:25 AM
    go template engine

    Go's template engine provides powerful dynamic content generation capabilities through text/template and html/template packages, where html/template has automatic escape function to prevent XSS attacks, so it should be used first when generating HTML. 1. Use {{}} syntax to insert variables, conditional judgments and loops, such as {{.FieldName}} to access structure fields, {{if}} and {{range}} to implement logical control. 2. The template supports Go data structures such as struct, slice and map, and the dot in range represents the current iterative element. 3. The named template can be defined through define and reused with the template directive. 4. HTML/template automatically escapes HTML special characters. If you need to render the original HTML, you should use the template.HTML type but only trusted input. 5. Use block and define to simulate template inheritance to achieve layout reuse. 6. Best practices include: pre-parsing templates, catching errors with template.Must, avoiding writing complex logic in templates, and loading multiple template files through ParseGlob. After correctly mastering point symbols, actions and escape rules, the Go template system will become a powerful tool for building safe and reliable applications.

    A Guide to Go\'s Templating Engine

    Go's built-in templating engine, found in the text/template and html/template packages, is a powerful and efficient way to generate dynamic content—whether that's plain text, configuration files, or HTML web pages. It's especially popular in web development with Go, where safety and simplicity are key. Here's a practical guide to help you get the most out of Go's templating system.

    A Guide to Go's Templating Engine

    1. Understanding text/template vs html/template

    Go provides two main templating packages:

    • text/template : General-purpose template for any kind of text (eg, config files, emails, CLI output).
    • html/template : Built on top of text/template , but designed specifically for HTML with automatic context-aware escaping to prevent XSS attacks.

    ? Use html/template when generating HTML. It's safer by default.

    A Guide to Go's Templating Engine
     import (
        "text/template" // for plain text
        "html/template" // for HTML
    )

    2. Basic Template Syntax

    Templates use double braces {{ }} to enclose actions. Common constructs include:

    • {{.}} – refers to the current data (the “dot”)
    • {{.FieldName}} – accesses a field in a struct
    • {{if .Condition}}...{{end}} – conditional logic
    • {{range .Items}}...{{end}} – loops over slices, maps, or channels
    • {{template "name"}} – include a named template

    Example: Simple greeting

     tmpl := `Hello, {{.Name}}!`
    data := struct{ Name string }{Name: "Alice"}
    t := template.New("greeting")
    t, _ = t.Parse(tmpl)
    t.Execute(os.Stdout, data)
    // Output: Hello, Alice!

    3. Structs, Slices, and Maps in Templates

    Go templates work seamlessly with Go data structures.

    A Guide to Go's Templating Engine

    Using a struct with a slice:

     type Person struct {
        Name string
        Hobbies []string
    }
    
    data := Person{
        Name: "Bob",
        Hobbies: []string{"Golang", "Hiking", "Reading"},
    }
    
    tmpl := `
    Name: {{.Name}}
    Hobbies:
    {{range .Hobbies}}- {{.}}
    {{end}}
    `
    
    template.Must(template.New("person").Parse(tmpl)).Execute(os.Stdout, data)

    Output:

     Name: Bob
    Hobbies:
    - Golang
    - Hiking
    - Reading

    Note: In range , the dot ( . ) changes to the current item in the iteration.


    4. Control Structures: if , else , range

    Go templates support basic logic.

    • Use {{if .Value}}...{{else}}...{{end}}
    • Empty slices, nil points, zero values evaluate to false
     {{if .LoggedIn}}
      Welcome back, {{.Username}}!
    {{else}}
      Please log in.
    {{end}}

    You can also compare values using built-in functions (from eq , ne , lt , gt , etc.):

     {{if eq .Status "active"}}
      <p>Status: Active</p>
    {{end}}

    These comparison functions come from the template's built-in functions, not Go code.


    5. Creating Reusable Templates with define and template

    You can define named templates and include them.

     const tmpl = `
    {{define "Greet"}}Hello, {{.}}!{{end}}
    
    {{template "Greet" "Alice"}}
    {{template "Greet" "Bob"}}
    `
    
    t, _ := template.New("main").Parse(tmpl)
    t.Execute(os.Stdout, nil)

    This is useful for headers, footers, or reusable UI components in web apps.


    6. Using html/template Safely

    When generating HTML, always use html/template to avoid XSS.

     import "html/template"
    
    data := struct {
        Content string
    }{Content: "<script>alert(&#39;hack&#39;)</script>"}
    
    tmpl := `<p>{{.Content}}</p>`
    t, _ := template.New("safe").Parse(tmpl)
    t.Execute(os.Stdout, data)

    ? Output:

     <p><script>alert(&#39;hack&#39;)</script></p>

    The content is automatically escaped. If you really need raw HTML, use template.HTML type:

     type Page struct {
        Content template.HTML
    }
    
    data := Page{Content: template.HTML("<strong>Safe HTML</strong>")}

    Now {{.Content}} will render without escaping.

    ?? Only do this with trusted input.


    7. Template Inheritance with Blocks (via define and block )

    While Go doesn't have direct inheritance, you can simulate layout templates using define and template .

    Base layout ( layout.html ):

     <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head><title>{{block "title" .}}Default Title{{end}}</title></head>
    <body>
      <header><h1>My Site</h1></header>
      <main>{{block "content" .}}Default content{{end}}</main>
    </body>
    </html>

    Page template:

     {{define "title"}}Home{{end}}
    {{define "content"}}
      <p>Welcome to the home page!</p>
    {{end}}

    Go code:

     tpl := template.Must(template.New("base").ParseFiles("layout.html", "home.html"))
    tpl.ExecuteTemplate(os.Stdout, "base", nil)

    This pattern lets you build modular, reusable layouts.


    8. Best Practices

    • ? Always use html/template for HTML output.
    • ? Pre-parse templates in production (don't parse on every request).
    • ? Use template.Must() during initialization to catch errors early.
    • ? Keep logic minimum in templates—do heavy lifting in Go code.
    • ? Organize templates into files and use ParseFiles or ParseGlob .
     // Load all templates from a folder
    tpl := template.Must(template.ParseGlob("templates/*.html"))

    Go's templating engine might feel minimal compared to other languages, but its simplicity, type safety, and security features make it ideal for building reliable applications—especially web servers.

    Basically, once you get the hang of the dot, actions, and escaping rules, it becomes a solid tool in your Go toolkit.

    The above is the detailed content of A Guide to Go's Templating Engine. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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