How to handle errors in a Vue application?
Jul 26, 2025 am 07:57 AM
Use Vue’s errorCaptured hook and app.config.errorHandler to catch component and global errors; 2. Handle async errors with try/catch in async methods and listen to unhandledrejection events; 3. Create error boundary components using errorCaptured to isolate and manage UI failures; 4. Integrate monitoring tools like Sentry to log and track errors in production; 5. Display user-friendly error messages with retry options to maintain a smooth user experience. Combining these strategies ensures errors are caught early, logged clearly, and handled gracefully without disrupting the application.
Handling errors in a Vue application effectively ensures a better user experience and helps with debugging during development. Here’s how to manage errors properly across different layers of a Vue app.
1. Use Vue’s Built-in Error Handling Hooks
Vue provides lifecycle hooks and global handlers to catch component-related errors.
errorCaptured Hook
This lifecycle hook can be used in component-level error handling. It catches errors from child components.
export default {
errorCaptured(err, instance, info) {
console.error('Error captured:', err, info);
// Return false to stop the error from propagating upward
return false;
}
}Note: Avoid side effects like modifying props or state in this hook. Use it mainly for logging.
app.config.errorHandler (Global Error Handler)
Set a global error handler during app initialization to catch unhandled errors in components, lifecycle hooks, and templates.
const app = createApp(App);
app.config.errorHandler = (err, instance, info) => {
console.error('Global error:', err, info);
// Send to error tracking service
reportErrorToService(err, info);
};This won’t catch errors in:
- Event handlers
- Asynchronous code (e.g.,
setTimeout, Promises) - Vue’s own internal rendering (in some edge cases)
2. Handle Asynchronous Errors (API Calls, Promises)
Vue doesn’t catch async errors automatically, so you need to handle them manually.
Use try/catch in async methods:
methods: {
async fetchData() {
try {
const response = await api.getData();
this.data = response.data;
} catch (error) {
console.error('API error:', error);
this.errorMessage = 'Failed to load data.';
}
}
}Handle uncaught promise rejections (fallback):
window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', event => {
console.error('Unhandled promise rejection:', event.reason);
event.preventDefault();
});Tip: Integrate with tools like Sentry or LogRocket to log these automatically.
3. Use Error Boundaries (via Wrapper Components)
Vue doesn’t have native error boundaries like React, but you can simulate them using components with errorCaptured.
Example: Create a reusable error boundary component
<template>
<div v-if="hasError" class="error-fallback">
<p>Something went wrong. Please try again.</p>
<button @click="reset">Try Again</button>
</div>
<slot v-else />
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return { hasError: false };
},
methods: {
reset() {
this.hasError = false;
}
},
errorCaptured() {
this.hasError = true;
return false;
}
}
</script>Use it like:
<ErrorBoundary> <ProblematicComponent /> </ErrorBoundary>
4. Log and Monitor Errors in Production
In production, silent errors hurt UX. Use error reporting tools.
Integrate with Sentry
Install Sentry SDK:
npm install @sentry/vue @sentry/tracing
Initialize in your app:
import * as Sentry from '@sentry/vue';
Sentry.init({
app,
dsn: 'YOUR_SENTRY_DSN',
integrations: [
new Sentry.BrowserTracing(),
],
tracesSampleRate: 1.0,
});Now all errors (including unhandled ones) are reported with context.
5. Handle User-Facing Errors Gracefully
Don’t just log—inform users.
- Show fallback UIs
- Provide retry options
- Avoid technical jargon
Example:
<div v-if="errorMessage" class="alert">
{{ errorMessage }}
<button @click="retry">Retry</button>
</div>Bottom line: Combine global handlers, try/catch for async code, error boundary patterns, and monitoring tools. It’s not about preventing all errors—it’s about managing them without crashing the experience.
Basically: catch early, log clearly, recover gracefully.
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