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Table of Contents
Understanding How Routes Work in Yii
Defining Custom Routes in Yii
Common Mistakes and Tips When Defining Routes
Handling Fallbacks and 404 Pages
Home PHP Framework YII What are routes in Yii, and how are they defined?

What are routes in Yii, and how are they defined?

Jul 26, 2025 am 01:21 AM
yii routing

In Yii, routes map URLs to controller actions for clean and SEO-friendly links. By default, URLs follow the pattern controllerID/actionID, but custom routes can be defined in config/web.php using the urlManager. Steps include enabling pretty URLs, defining rules like 'post/' => 'post/view', and handling order and regex correctly. Common tips are ensuring .htaccess is set up, ordering rules properly, validating parameters, testing with Url::to(), and clearing cache. Fallbacks for unmatched routes can be handled via the on urlManagerParseError event to redirect or log errors, improving user experience.

What are routes in Yii, and how are they defined?

In Yii, routes are essentially the mapping between URLs and the corresponding controller actions that handle them. They help determine which part of your application should respond when a specific URL is accessed. Defining routes properly is important for clean URLs, better user experience, and SEO-friendly links.


Understanding How Routes Work in Yii

By default, Yii uses a built-in routing system that maps URLs to controllers and actions using a pattern like this:

http://example.com/index.php?r=controllerID/actionID

Here, r stands for route, and it follows the format ControllerID/ActionID. For example, if you have a PostController with an action view, the URL might look like:

http://example.com/index.php?r=post/view&id=105

This works fine out of the box, but for cleaner and more readable URLs, you’ll want to define custom routes.


Defining Custom Routes in Yii

To make URLs prettier and easier to remember (like /post/view/105 or even /post/105), you need to configure URL rules in your application’s configuration file (config/web.php).

Here’s how you can define a simple custom route:

'urlManager' => [
    'enablePrettyUrl' => true,
    'showScriptName' => false,
    'rules' => [
        'post/<id:\d >' => 'post/view',
    ],
],

What this does:

  • Enables pretty URLs (removes index.php from the URL).
  • Maps /post/105 to the view action of the PostController, passing id=105.

You can also define more complex patterns, such as dynamic slugs:

'article/<slug:[a-zA-Z0-9\-_]  >' => 'article/view',

This would match URLs like /article/my-first-post and pass the slug to the controller.


Common Mistakes and Tips When Defining Routes

When working with routes in Yii, here are some common issues and tips to avoid them:

  • Make sure enablePrettyUrl is set to true, otherwise custom rules won’t work.
  • Check .htaccess – If you're using Apache, ensure you have a proper .htaccess file to hide index.php.
  • Order matters – Rules are matched top to bottom, so place more specific rules before general ones.
  • Use named parameters wisely – Like <id:\d > or <slug:\w > to validate input right in the route.
  • Test your routes – Use tools like Url::to() in views to generate correct links based on your defined routes.

If you’re not seeing expected behavior, double-check the config file and clear the cache.


Handling Fallbacks and 404 Pages

Sometimes a route doesn't match any defined rule. In those cases, Yii will throw a 404 error by default. You can customize this behavior if needed.

For example, you might want to log unmatched routes or redirect users to a homepage:

'on urlManagerParseError' => function ($event) {
    // Log or redirect
    Yii::$app->response->redirect(['site/index'])->send();
    $event->handled = true;
},

This kind of customization helps improve user experience when someone hits a broken or unknown link.


Basically, routes in Yii are about translating URLs into actions. Whether you stick with the default system or go all-in on custom rules, understanding how to define and manage them gives you control over your app's URL structure. It's not complicated, but it's easy to overlook small details like rule order or regex patterns.

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