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Table of Contents
Basic Usage
Common Use Cases
Performance and Best Practices
Nesting and Combining Selectors
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial Describe the `:not()` pseudo-class

Describe the `:not()` pseudo-class

Jul 25, 2025 am 01:46 AM

<p>The :not() pseudo-class of CSS allows the application of styles to elements that do not match a specific selector. The basic usage is to place other selectors in parentheses, such as p:not(.special) to turn all paragraph texts except special classes into blue. Common scenarios include: 1. Exclude specific list items; 2. Style all links except some links; 3. Avoid unnecessary classes in the form. When using complex selectors, they should not rely on their performance improvements, and they should be used with caution. In addition, more specific rules can be implemented in combination with other selectors or pseudo-classes, such as combining multiple :not() or nesting in :hover.

<p>Describe the `:not()` pseudo-class

<p> The :not() pseudo-class in CSS is a powerful tool that lets you apply styles to elements that do not match a specific selector. It's especially useful when you want to exclude certain elements from a style rule without adding extra classes or modifying your HTML structure.

Describe the `:not()` pseudo-class

Basic Usage

<p> You use :not() by placing another selector inside its parentses. For example:

 p:not(.special) {
  color: blue;
}
<p> This rule will apply blue text to all <p> elements except those with the class special .

Describe the `:not()` pseudo-class<p> One important thing to note is that the selector inside :not() can't contain another pseudo-class or pseudo-element. So something like :not(:hover) is allowed, but :not(::before) is not.

Common Use Cases

<p> There are a few everyday situations where :not() comes in handy:

Describe the `:not()` pseudo-class
  • <p> Excluding specific list items:

     li:not(.active) {
      opacity: 0.5;
    }
    <p> This makes inactive list items less prominent.

  • <p> Styling links except for certain ones:

     a:not([href^="https"]) {
      color: red;
    }
    <p> This changes the color of non-HTTPS links to red.

  • <p> Avoiding unequal classes in forms:

     input:not([type="submit"]) {
      border: 1px solid #ccc;
    }
    <p> This adds a border to all input fields except submit buttons.

<p> These are just a few examples — you can get creative with what you put inside :not() as long as it's a valid simple selector.

Performance and Best Practices

<p> While :not() is useful, it's worth using it thoughtfully. Here are a few tips:

  • <p> Avoid overcomplicating selectors:
    Using too many nested or chained :not() selectors can make your CSS harder to read and maintain.

  • <p> Don't use it for performance gains:
    Contrary to some beliefs, :not() doesn't significantly speed up or slow down rendering in most cases. It's more about convenience than optimization.

  • <p> Be cautious with broad selectors:
    Something like *:not(a) might seem clever, but it can lead to unexpected styling across your site.

<p> Also, remember that :not() has no effect if the selector inside it doesn't match anything — so it's best used when you're certain about the elements involved.

Nesting and Combining Selectors

<p> You can combine :not() with other selectors to make more specific rules. For example:

 div:not(.box):not(.container) {
  background: yellow;
}
<p> This targets all <div> elements that don't have either the class .box or .container .

<p> You can also nest :not() inside other pseudo-classes like :hover :

 button:not(.disabled):hover {
  background: lightblue;
}
<p> This means the hover effect only applies to buttons that aren't marked as disabled.

<p> Basically that's it.

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