How to secure an Nginx server?
Jul 25, 2025 am 01:00 AM
Key measures to protect the security of Nginx servers include: 1. Configure HTTPS encrypted connections, use Let's Encrypt free certificates and automatically configure them through Certbot, set up forced jumps and appropriate encryption suites, and enable automatic renewal; 2. Restrict access, protect sensitive paths through IP control and Basic Auth authentication; 3. Turn off information leakage, hide version numbers, prohibit directory browsing, and customize error pages to reduce the attack surface.
Configuring HTTPS, restricting access rights and closing unnecessary exposed information is the most direct and effective way to protect Nginx servers.
Configure HTTPS encrypted connections
HTTPS is the basis for ensuring the security of data transmission. Use Let's Encrypt to get SSL certificates for free, and enable encrypted connections with Nginx configuration.
- Install Certbot and apply for a certificate: generally use
certbot --nginxcommand to automatically complete the configuration. - Setting force jump to HTTPS: Add
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;in the Nginx configuration. - Choose the right encryption suite: It is recommended to use modern configurations with better compatibility, such as the Intermediate configuration provided by Mozilla.
Remember to set up the automatic certificate renewal task. Let's Encrypt's certificate has only a validity period of 90 days.
Restrict IP or user access
Not everyone should have access to your services. Nginx supports IP-based access control, and can also implement simple authentication in combination with Basic Auth.
IP restriction example:
location /admin/ {
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
}Basic Auth Setting Steps:
- Install the Apache tool to generate a password file:
htpasswd -c .htpasswd username - Add in Nginx configuration:
location /secure/ {
auth_basic "Restricted Access";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
}This approach is suitable for background management pages or development environment interfaces.
Turn off information leakage and default behavior
Nginx will expose some unnecessary information by default, which may be exploited by attackers.
- Hide version number: Add
server_tokens off;in the http or server block, so that the Nginx version will not be displayed when the header is returned. - Forbidden directory browsing: If not specifically needed, make sure that there is
autoindex off;. - Custom error page: Do not use the default 403/404 page to avoid exposing the server structure, such as:
error_page 403 /custom_403.html;
location = /custom_403.html {
internal;
}These small details are not difficult to make, but they are very helpful in improving safety.
Basically, these common and practical safety reinforcement measures are all. Doing well is not necessarily complicated, the key is not to miss the key points.
The above is the detailed content of How to secure an Nginx server?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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