The most common method to list files in Linux is to use the ls command; 1. Enter ls to view the basic file list in the current directory, and hidden files are not displayed by default; 2. Use ls -l to display detailed information, including permissions, size, modification time, user, etc.; 3. Use ls -a or ls -la to display hidden files and detailed information; 4. Use ls -lhS or ls -lht to sort by size or modification time, and display in a readable format; 5. Use ls -d */ to display the directory, ls -F to display by type, and ls -R to recursively list the subdirectory contents.
If you want to list files in Linux, the most common and direct way is to use the ls
command. It can quickly display the contents in the directory, but the usage is actually quite flexible. You can use it more efficiently by mastering a few techniques.

View the basic file list
By default, entering ls
will list the files and subdirectory names in the current directory. This method is suitable for quickly viewing which files exist.
ls
It will only display the name, and will not display hidden files (files starting with .
) by default. If you just want to confirm what regular files are in the current directory, this command is enough.

Display details: permissions, size, time, etc.
If you want to see more details, such as file permissions, size, modification time, user, etc., you can use the -l
option:
ls -l
The output looks like this:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 4096 Jan 1 10:00 file.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 user group 4096 Jan 1 10:00 folder/
-
-rw-r--r--
is permission information -
user group
means owner and group -
4096
is file size (unit is bytes) -
Jan 1 10:00
is the last modified time -
file.txt
is the file name
This command is particularly useful when troubleshooting permission issues and checking file sizes.
Show hidden files
Files starting with .
in Linux are hidden files, such as .bashrc
or .config
. To see them, add the -a
parameter:
ls -a
If you want to see both details and hidden files, you can use:
ls -la
This is very common when debugging configuration files or viewing hidden directories of the system.
Sort by size and time
Sometimes we want to find the largest or latest file, and we can combine the sorting parameters:
- Sort by size (from large to small):
ls -lhS
- Sort by modification time (latest first):
ls -lht
Adding -h
is to make the file size display in readable formats such as KB and MB.
Other practical tips
- Show only directories :
ls -d */
- Displayed by file type (for example, add a slash to distinguish directories) :
ls -F
- Recursively list subdirectory contents :
ls -R
These combinations can be used flexibly as needed, especially when writing scripts or doing batch processing.
Basically all this is it. The
ls
command seems simple, but after mastering a few common parameters, the efficiency will be greatly improved. You don’t need to remember all the usages at once. After you are proficient in several combinations, you will naturally get started.The above is the detailed content of how to list files in linux. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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