In CSS, the attribute selector can set styles according to the attributes and values of the element, providing more flexible style control. ① Basic usage: Select elements with specific attributes, such as input[type] to match all inputs containing type attributes; ② Exact match: Use = to match specific attribute values, such as input[type="text"] to only match text input boxes; ③ Partial match: Use = (include), ^= (start), and $= (end), to match part of the attribute values, such as a[href="example.com"] to match anchors containing specific links; ④ Combination match: match multiple attributes at the same time, such as inputtype="text" to match required text boxes; the attribute selector is suitable for forms, links and other scenarios, and the style is accurately controlled without additional class, but excessively complex writing methods should be avoided to facilitate maintenance.
Using attribute selectors in CSS allows you to style the attributes and their values of HTML elements. It is more flexible than ordinary tags or class selectors, and is especially suitable for handling style control in specific scenarios, such as form elements, link types, etc.
Select an element with a certain attribute
The most basic usage is to select an element with a specific attribute, regardless of the value of the attribute.
input[type] {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
} The above line of code will match all elements containing type attributes in the input tag, such as <input type="text"> or <input type="email"> , but will not match input without type .
Common uses:
- Add icons to all links with
href - Distinguish link styles with
downloadattributes
Exactly match attribute values
If you want to select only elements whose attribute value is exactly equal to a certain value, you can use = for exact match.
input[type="text"] {
background-color: #f0f0f0;
} This code will only work on the input box of type="text" and will not affect type="email" or other types of input.
Practical Examples:
- Add
a[target="_blank"]a small icon with an external link - Links that distinguish different languages, such as
a[lang="zh"]
Partial matching attribute values
Sometimes you may need to match elements containing a certain string in the attribute value, and you can use several special symbols:
-
*=: Contains a certain value (substring matching) -
^=: Start with a value -
$=: ends with a value
a[href*="example.com"] {
color: red;
}This example will turn red with all link addresses containing "example.com".
Commonly used scenarios:
- Match links starting with
http://:a[href^="http"] - Match image file link end:
img[src$=".jpg"]
Use multiple attributes in combination
You can match multiple attributes at the same time to further refine the selection criteria.
input[type="text"][required] {
border-color: red;
}This code will only select elements that are both text input boxes and required items.
Tips:
- Can be used to distinguish between button styles in login forms and registration forms
- Controls the behavior and appearance of buttons in different states
Basically that's it. Although the attribute selector is simple, it is very practical in actual development, especially when precise style control is achieved without the need to add an additional class. However, be careful not to write too complicatedly, otherwise it is easy to make mistakes when maintained later.
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