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Table of Contents
What are Server-Sent Events?
How to use SSE on the front end?
How to cooperate with the backend?
FAQs when using SSE
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Understanding Server-Sent Events in HTML5

Understanding Server-Sent Events in HTML5

Jul 23, 2025 am 01:21 AM
html5

Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a technology in HTML5 used to implement real-time push of data from servers to clients, and is suitable for stock market, notification systems and other scenarios. It is based on the HTTP protocol, and remains open after establishing a connection. The server can send updates at any time, supporting automatic reconnection and standard data formats. The front-end receives data by creating an EventSource object and listening to message events. The backend needs to set the correct MIME type (text/event-stream) and keep the connection open and continuously output data stream. When using it, you need to pay attention to cross-domain issues, connection timeouts, browser compatibility and intermediate layer restrictions.

Understanding Server-Sent Events in HTML5

Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a very practical but often overlooked feature in HTML5. It allows the server to push real-time updates to the browser, and is suitable for stock market, notification systems, chat applications and other scenarios.

Understanding Server-Sent Events in HTML5

What are Server-Sent Events?

SSE is a technology that allows servers to actively send data to clients. Unlike traditional polling methods, after SSE establishes a connection, the server can continuously push new data to the client.

  • It is based on the HTTP protocol and is relatively simple to implement.
  • Automatic reconnection is supported, and re-establishment will be attempted after disconnection.
  • The data format has standard specifications and is easy to parse.

For example: If you are working on a weather warning system, you can use SSE to push the latest weather alert information in real time without the user manually refreshing the page.

Understanding Server-Sent Events in HTML5

How to use SSE on the front end?

To use SSE in a web page, just create an EventSource object and listen for message events.

 const eventSource = new EventSource('your-endpoint-url');

eventSource.onmessage = function(event) {
  console.log('Received message:', event.data);
};

Some things to note:

Understanding Server-Sent Events in HTML5
  • Make sure that the MIME type returned by your server is text/event-stream .
  • By default, if the connection is interrupted, the browser will automatically attempt to reconnect.
  • Connection status and error handling can be listened to through .onopen and .onerror .

How to cooperate with the backend?

To support SSE, the backend needs to keep the connection open and output the data stream in the specified format.

Taking Node.js as an example, you can write a simple SSE interface like this:

 app.get('/sse', (req, res) => {
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream');
  res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'no-cache');

  setInterval(() => {
    res.write(`data: ${new Date()}\n\n`);
  }, 1000);
});

Other languages such as PHP and Python can also set response headers and output data streams similarly. The key is not to end the response at once, but to keep the connection open.

FAQs when using SSE

Although SSE is very convenient, you may encounter some pitfalls in actual use:

  • Cross-domain issue : Make sure the front and back ends have the correct CORS header set, otherwise the connection cannot be established.
  • Connection timeout : Some agents or load balancers may interrupt long-term connections, and it is recommended to add a heartbeat mechanism on the server side.
  • Browser compatibility : Modern browsers basically support SSE, but if you need to be compatible with IE, you may have to consider alternatives.

If you find that the connection is frequently disconnected or cannot receive messages, you can first check whether the server has correctly set the response header and whether there is an intermediate layer (such as Nginx) that restricts the long connection.

Basically that's it. Understanding and correctly using SSE can simplify the difficulty of real-time communication in many scenarios.

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