Volume Rendering is a technology that directly renders three-dimensional volume data into two-dimensional images. Its core lies in using WebGL's GPU acceleration capabilities to efficiently process and visualize internal structures such as medical images. Its advantages include cross-platform, GPU acceleration and strong integration. The implementation process is: 1. Prepare and convert volume data; 2. Create 3D textures or simulate with 2D slices; 3. Write a shader program for ray casting; 4. Set transmission parameters and render in real time. Optimization methods include chunked loading, compressing textures, reducing the number of light steps and airspace skipping. During development, you can use Three.js to quickly prototype or use vtk.js libraries to improve efficiency.
Let me directly talk about the key point: using H5's WebGL for volume rendering (Volume Rendering), the core is to use the GPU to accelerate the processing of three-dimensional volume data and efficiently render it to the web page. It is suitable for medical imaging, geological modeling, and other scenarios where internal structures need to be viewed.

What is Volume Rendering?
Volume Rendering is a technology that directly renders three-dimensional volume data (such as CT and MRI scan data) into two-dimensional images without surface reconstruction. Unlike traditional Surface Rendering, it can show changes in the internal structure of objects, such as seeing levels of bones, organs and soft tissue in medical images.
Volume data is usually in the form of a three-dimensional texture, with each point (voxel) having a value representing density, temperature, or other physical properties. Volume Rendering is to map these data into color and transparency, and then synthesize images through ray casting, etc.

Why choose WebGL?
WebGL is an OpenGL ES-based API provided by HTML5. It can run GPU rendering tasks directly in the browser without plug-ins. This is very friendly to applications that require cross-platform, real-time interaction.
Several advantages of choosing WebGL to do Volume Rendering:

- Cross-platform : Supports mainstream browsers without installing additional software.
- GPU acceleration : can efficiently process large amounts of volume data and achieve smooth interaction.
- Strong integration : It can be mixed with HTML/CSS/JS to build a complete front-end application.
Of course, the disadvantages are also obvious: high development complexity, troublesome debugging, and performance optimization depends on understanding of GLSL and memory management.
How to start implementing Volume Rendering with WebGL?
The basic idea of implementation is: loading the data → creating 3D textures → using shaders for ray casting → rendering to the screen.
Here is a simplified process:
-
Prepare volume data
- The data format is generally raw binary (raw) or DICOM (commonly used in medicine)
- Need to convert to a suitable texture format such as
gl.LUMINANCE
orgl.RGBA
-
Create 3D textures
- WebGL 2.0 supports 3D textures, but some older devices may not support them.
- If 3D textures cannot be used, you can use 2D slice stitching simulation
-
Write a shader program
- Vertex shader is responsible for generating a bounding box
- The fragment shader is responsible for emitting light from the viewpoint, sampling volume data and calculating color
-
Transfer parameters and rendering
- Set camera matrix, transfer function, step size and other parameters
- Update view angle or parameters when repaint each frame
To give a simple example: you can use Three.js shaderMaterial to quickly build prototypes. Three.js provides convenient encapsulation, so you don't have to write complete WebGL initialization code from scratch.
FAQs and Optimization Suggestions
What should I do if the data is too large?
- Brick-based rendering
- Use compressed texture formats (such as S3TC, ETC)
- Dynamically adjust resolution and zoom according to viewing angle
How to optimize if the rendering is too slow?
- Reduce the step count
- Use empty space skipping
- Enable early-ray termination
How to set the transfer function?
- You can use 1D texture to define opacity and color mappings
- Check tables based on voxel value in fragment shader
- You can also allow users to customize transfer functions to improve interactivity
Basically that's it. Using WebGL to do Volume Rendering is not complicated, but it has many details, especially in terms of performance tuning and compatibility. If you just want to implement functions quickly, you can consider open source libraries such as vtk.js, itk.js, Xtk, etc.; if you need to be highly customized, you still have to have a deep understanding of the GLSL and GPU rendering pipelines.
The above is the detailed content of H5 WebGL for Volume Rendering. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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