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Table of Contents
What is database migration?
Why use migration?
How to write a migration file?
What are the common migration commands?
Tips and notes
Home PHP Framework Laravel Explain Laravel Database Migrations.

Explain Laravel Database Migrations.

Jul 22, 2025 am 02:35 AM
laravel Database migration

Database migration is a version control tool in Laravel for managing database structure changes. It allows the use of PHP code to define and synchronize table structures to avoid manual operation of the database. 1. The migration file contains methods for up() to perform changes and down() rollback changes; 2. Use the Schema builder and Blueprint classes to create tables and fields, and support common types and constraints; 3. Common Artisan commands include migrate run, rollback rollback, reset reset, refresh refresh, and make:migration to generate new files; 4. The recommended practice is not to modify the running migration, but to create new files for adjustments, and to fill data with factories and seeds.

Explain Laravel Database Migrations.

Laravel's Database Migrations is an efficient way to build and maintain database structures. It allows you to define table structures in code and maintain consistency in different environments, avoiding the confusion caused by manually operating the database.

Explain Laravel Database Migrations.

What is database migration?

Simply put, migration is the version control of the database . You can understand it as "database Git", and record changes in database structure by migrating files one by one.
Laravel uses PHP to define these changes, which means you don't need to write SQL statements directly, and you can easily create tables, add fields, modify columns, etc.

For example, running php artisan make:migration create_users_table will generate a migration file, which has two methods: up() and down() .

Explain Laravel Database Migrations.
  • up() is used to perform migration (create tables or modify structures)
  • down() is used for rollback operation (revoke this change)

Why use migration?

  1. Teamwork is smoother : everyone synchronizes the database structure by migrating files, rather than verbally telling others that "I added a field to the users table."
  2. Strong environmental consistency : the development environment, test environment, and production environment can all use the same migration files to build the same database step by step.
  3. Good traceability : Each structure change has corresponding migration files, which can clearly see the evolution of the database.
  4. Automated deployment friendly : When online, you only need to run the migrate command to update the database structure without manually executing SQL scripts.

How to write a migration file?

Laravel provides the Schema builder and Blueprint classes to simplify database operations. You can define the table structure in a way similar to the following:

 Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');
    $table->string('email')->unique();
    $table->timestamps();
});

Common field types such as integer , string , text , boolean , etc. are supported, and there are some suggestions and tips:

Explain Laravel Database Migrations.
  • You can use ->comment('用戶昵稱')
  • You can use ->default(0) to set the default value
  • If the field is allowed to be empty, remember to add ->nullable()
  • You can use ->index() or ->unique() method to create an index

What are the common migration commands?

Laravel provides a series of Artisan commands to manage migrations:

  • php artisan migrate : run all unexecuted migrations
  • php artisan migrate:rollback : rollback the last migration
  • php artisan migrate:reset : rollback all migrations
  • php artisan migrate:refresh : first rollback and then rerun all migrations
  • php artisan make:migration create_table_name_table : generate a new migration file

If you accidentally run the wrong migration, don't panic. Use rollback to take a step back and run again after the correction.


Tips and notes

  • Each migration file has a timestamp, and Laravel is executed in chronological order.
  • Do not easily modify the running migration files, especially in production environments. A new migration should be created to make modifications.
  • It can be used with the model factory and seed (Seeder) to quickly fill test data.
  • If multiple developers develop at the same time, remember to check if there are any new migration files after merging the code and run them.

Basically that's it. Migration is not a black technology, but it can save a lot of trouble if used properly, especially in multi-person collaboration and continuous integration scenarios.

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