Responsive design automatically adapts to screen size through media query, elastic layout and other technologies, which is suitable for smooth adaptation of multiple devices; adaptive design customizes the page structure for specific resolutions, loads corresponding views according to the device type, which is suitable for accurate adaptation of limited models. Key responsive skills include: 1. Use viewport meta tag to control zoom; 2. Use flex layout to achieve flexible layout; 3. Set breakpoints reasonably and adapt to pictures. Common adaptive practices include: 1. Dynamically set the rem font size to maintain proportions; 2. Use adapter libraries to improve development efficiency; 3. Custom rendering according to device characteristics. Other details such as avoiding fixed sizes, ensuring click areas, and real machine testing also need to be paid attention to. The two can be used in combination, the key is to choose the appropriate solution according to your needs.

When doing H5 page layout, responsive and adaptive design are two concepts that cannot be avoided. Their goal is to make the page look comfortable and easy to use on different devices, but the implementation method and applicable scenarios are slightly different. Only by understanding the difference between the two and mastering some practical skills can you make a truly useful H5 page.

What are responsive and adaptive?

Simply put, responsive layout uses media query, elastic grid and other technologies to automatically "perceive" the screen size and adjust the style; while adaptive layout designs different page structures for several specific resolutions and loads the corresponding views according to the device type.

For example: a responsive website may smoothly transition between mobile phones, tablets, and desktops; while an adaptive website may prepare three sets of interfaces for iPhone, iPad, and PC. When users access, the system determines the device type and then loads the corresponding style.

If your H5 content does not change much, the adaptation model is limited, and the adaptability is more direct; if you want the page to perform well on various screens, the responsiveness will be more suitable.

Key Tips for Responsive Layouts

To achieve responsive effects, there are three core points to pay attention to:

• Use viewport meta tag
  Add <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> to the HTML header, which is the basis for making mobile browsers scale correctly.

• Flexible box model and Flex layout
  Use display: flex to easily achieve element alignment and scaling. With properties such as flex-wrap and justify-content , it can deal with layout problems under different widths well.

• Media query control breakpoints
  Usually 2 to 3 main breakpoints (such as 768px, 1024px) are set, and different style rules are applied in different intervals. Don't write too many fine breakpoints, otherwise the maintenance cost will be high and the effect will not be obvious.

In addition, the processing of images is also very important. Remember to add max-width: 100% to the img tag to prevent it from breaking the container.

Common practices for adaptive layout

The core of an adaptive layout is to identify the device type or resolution and then load the corresponding style or component. Here are a few common practices:

• Dynamically set HTML root font size (rem scheme)
  Dynamically calculate and set font-size of the tag through JavaScript, so that the entire page is laid out based on this value. This allows for consistent visual proportions across devices.

• Use adapter libraries (such as amfe-flexible)
  This type of library can help you automatically complete the adaptation of rem. Combined with the postcss-pxtorem plug-in, it can also automatically convert px to rem, making it more efficient in development.

• Customized rendering for device characteristics
  For example, determine whether it is a WeChat browser, iOS or Android, and load different styles or components. This method is suitable for H5 activity pages that require a deep optimization experience.

However, it should be noted that although the adaptation solution is accurate, if the adaptation logic is too complex, it will affect performance and maintainability. It is recommended to adapt only to key equipment, rather than covering all models.

Small details are easy to ignore but important

Some small places are often overlooked, but they actually have a great impact:

• Avoid fixing height and width
  Try to use percentage, vw/vh or flex to control the size so that it will not deform or overflow under different screens.

• Pay attention to the size of the click area
  The mobile finger operation is not as accurate as the mouse. It is recommended that the click area of the button or link is at least 44x44px, ensuring ease of operation.

• Test the performance of real machines
  Many times it seems okay to watch in the browser, but actually there will be problems such as scaling abnormalities and blurred fonts on the phone. If possible, it is best to use real machine debugging, or use the remote real machine test platform.

Basically that's it. Responsiveness and adaptability are not either-or choices, and they can often be used together, such as using responsiveness as the basis and then making some fine-tuning according to different devices. The key is to understand the requirements, choose the right method, and don’t blindly pile up code.

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