From Zero to Hero: A Comprehensive PHP Comments Tutorial
Jul 18, 2025 am 04:31 AM
There are three ways to add comments in PHP: //, # and //, among which // is the most commonly used. Comments can improve code readability and maintenance, and should explain "why" rather than "what was done" while keeping it updated. Functions and classes should indicate functions and input and output parameters, and inline comments can be used to explain complex logic. The rational use of comments helps team collaboration and post-debugs to avoid excessive or outdated comments.
PHP comments might not seem like much, but they're one of those small things that can make a big difference in code readability and long-term maintenance. Whether you're just starting out or picking up PHP after some time away, getting comfortable with comments is a solid first step.
How to Add Comments in PHP
In PHP, there are a few ways to write comments, and each has its own use case. The most common ones are:
-
//for single-line comments -
#for single-line comments (less commonly used) -
/* */for multi-line comments
Here's how they look in practice:
// This is a single-line comment echo "Hello World!"; # This is also a comment (less common) echo "Another line"; /* This is a multi-line comment */
Use // most of the time—it's clean and widely accepted. Use /* */ when you need to explain something longer or temporarily disable a block of code during testing.
Why Comments Matter in PHP Projects
It's easy to think that as long as the code works, comments are optional. But that's not the full picture. Good comments help:
- You, when you come back to your code after a few weeks
- Other developers who need to understand your logic
- Debugging and troubleshooting, especially if you've noted assumptions or edge cases
For example, imagine a function that handles user permissions in a way that's not immediately obvious:
// Special case: Admin users get full access only if verified_email is true
if ($user->isAdmin() && $user->verified_email) {
grantFullAccess();
}Without that comment, someone might misinterpret the logic or spend extra time figuring it out.
When (and How) to Use Comments Effectively
Too many comments can be just as bad as too few. Here are some practical tips:
- Comment functions and classes to explain their purpose and expected inputs/outputs
- Explain the why, not the what — don't state the obvious
- Avoid outdated comments — if the code changes, update the comment too
- Use TODO comments to mark areas that need attention later
A good function comment might look like this:
/**
* Calculates the total price after applying applicable discounts.
*
* @param float $basePrice
* @param array $discounts List of discount rules
* @return float
*/
function calculateFinalPrice($basePrice, $discounts) {
// implementation here
}Also, it's helpful to use inline comments for tricky logic or non-obvious decisions, like:
// We use strtotime here instead of DateTime due to server timezone setup $timestamp = strtotime($dateString);
Basic, But Often Overlooked
Most developers learn how to write comments early on, but not everyone takes the time to use them well. It's not a flashy part of PHP, but writing clear, meaningful comments is something that pays off over time. Once you get into the habit, it becomes second nature—and it makes your code easier for others (and future you) to work with.
Basically that's it.
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