The steps to create middleware in Laravel include: 1. Use the Artisan command to generate middleware and write processing logic; 2. Register middleware through global, routing grouping, or separate binding; 3. If you need to pass parameters, you can specify them in the route and receive them in the handle method; 4. The middleware is executed in the order of registration, and you need to pay attention to the order. For example, after running php artisan make:middleware CheckAge to create middleware, you can write judgment logic in the handle method, and then select the registration method according to the usage scenario. If parameters are required, they will be received through the third or above parameters. The execution order of the middleware follows the "Onion Model" to ensure that the logic flows correctly.
Creating middleware in Laravel is not complicated. It is mainly used to filter HTTP requests entering the application, such as verifying whether the user is logged in, checking permissions, etc. Middleware allows you to do some preprocessing operations before the request reaches the routing processing function. Below I will start from several common needs and explain step by step how to create and use middleware.
1. Basic methods for creating middleware
Laravel provides the Artisan command to quickly generate middleware. You just need to run it in the terminal:
php artisan make:middleware CheckAge
This will generate a CheckAge.php file in app/Http/Middleware directory. Open it and you will see a class with a handle method inside. This method receives two parameters: the current request $request and the next middleware $next .
You can make any judgment in this method, such as:
public function handle($request, \Closure $next)
{
if ($request->input('age') < 18) {
return redirect('home');
}
return $next($request);
}The meaning of this example is that if the age parameter is less than 18, it will jump to the home page, otherwise the subsequent logic will continue.
2. Several ways to register middleware
After creating the middleware, you also need to register it in Laravel to take effect.
Global Registration (Applicable to all requests)
Add your middleware class name to the $middleware array in app/Http/Kernel.php , for example:
\App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
This method is suitable for handling general logic such as cross-domain and logging.
Routing group registration (applicable to certain pages)
You can also assign middleware to specific routing groups, such as web or api in Kernel's $middlewareGroups .
Bind to a route individually
More common is to use middleware only on certain routes. You can add middleware to the route definition:
Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'index'])->middleware('check.age');
The premise is that you must first register the alias in Kernel's $routeMiddleware :
'check.age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
3. Pass parameters using middleware
Sometimes you want the middleware to accept parameters, such as checking whether the user role is an administrator. At this time, you can write it in the route:
->middleware('role:admin')
Then in the middleware handle method, you can get this parameter:
public function handle($request, Closure $next, $role)
{
if (! $request->user()->hasRole($role)) {
return redirect('home');
}
return $next($request);
} Note: The middleware parameters start with the third parameter, the first is $request and the second is $next .
4. The order of middleware is important
Laravel's middleware is executed in the order you register. For example, you have two middleware A and B, A is in front and B is in back. Then the request will enter A, then B, and then return. This "onion model" is very critical when dealing with the front and back logic.
If you need to control the order, you can adjust their position in the Kernel $middleware array.
Basically that's it. The middleware itself is not complicated, but if used properly, it can greatly improve the neatness and reusability of the code. The key point is to understand the middleware execution process, registration method and parameter delivery method.
The above is the detailed content of How to create a middleware in Laravel?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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