Integrating MySQL with Apache Kafka for Real-time Data Streams
Jul 18, 2025 am 01:53 AMIntegrating MySQL and Apache Kafka can realize real-time data change push. The common solutions are as follows: 1. Use Debezium to capture database changes, encapsulate data changes into Kafka messages by reading MySQL binlog. The process includes enabling binlog, installing Kafka Connect and Debezium plug-ins, configuring connectors and starting; 2. Pushing changes to Kafka through MySQL triggers, but there are shortcomings such as poor performance, no retry mechanism, and complex maintenance, which are only suitable for simple scenarios; 3. Use data synchronization services provided by cloud manufacturers such as Alibaba Cloud DTS, AWS DMS, etc., which have the advantages of maintenance-free, graphical configuration, and support for breakpoint continuous transmission, but it requires a certain cost. Among them, Debezium is the most cost-effective solution and suitable for most small and medium-sized teams.
The integration of MySQL and Apache Kafka is becoming increasingly common in modern real-time data architectures. Simply put, this combination allows you to push data changes in MySQL out in real time for consumption and processing by other systems. For example, when the order status is updated, downstream services can receive notifications immediately and respond.

The key to achieving this is how to capture data changes in MySQL and transfer them to Kafka in an efficient and reliable manner. Here are some common practices and suggestions.
Use Debezium to capture database changes
Debezium is an open source tool based on Kafka Connect, specially used to capture database structure changes and data changes (that is, CDC, Change Data Capture). It supports MySQL, PostgreSQL and other databases.

- It gets data changes by reading MySQL's binlog
- Change events will be encapsulated as Kafka messages and sent to the specified topic
- The configuration is relatively simple, the community is active, and the documentation is complete
The basic process of using Debezium is as follows:
- Enable MySQL binlog and set to ROW mode
- Install and configure Kafka Connect and Debezium plug-ins
- Create a connector configuration file, specifying database connection information and tables to listen to
- Start Kafka Connect and load the connector
After this step is completed, you can see the corresponding message topics of each table, which contain detailed records of insertion, update and deletion operations.

Trigger scheme that directly writes to Kafka (use with caution)
Some teams will consider using Triggers in MySQL to capture changes and push changes to Kafka through external programs. This method sounds straightforward, but it has some obvious disadvantages in actual use:
- Trigger performance overhead is high, especially in high concurrency scenarios
- There is no retry mechanism for processing failure, and data is easily lost
- Complex maintenance and difficult debugging
So unless your business scenario is very simple and the data volume is not large, this method is not recommended.
If you really want to try it, the general approach is:
- Create an AFTER INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE trigger on a MySQL table
- The trigger calls UDF or calls an external script (for example, via HTTP request)
- The script is responsible for sending the changes to Kafka
But again, this is just "can do it", not "recommended to do it".
Data synchronization service is also an option
In addition to building open source solutions like Debezium by yourself, you can also consider data synchronization services provided by some cloud manufacturers. For example, Alibaba Cloud DTS, AWS DMS, Google Cloud Datastream, etc., they all support real-time synchronization from MySQL to Kafka or through Kafka in the middle.
The advantages of these services are:
- No need to maintain complex components yourself (such as Kafka Connect, ZooKeeper, etc.)
- Provides graphical interface configuration, and monitoring is more convenient
- Support enterprise-level functions such as breakpoint continuous transmission and error retry
Of course, the cost is that it may be higher, or rely on a specific platform.
Basically these are the ways. You can choose the right plan based on your operation and maintenance capabilities, data size and budget. Among them, Debezium is the most cost-effective one and is suitable for most small and medium-sized teams to try.
The above is the detailed content of Integrating MySQL with Apache Kafka for Real-time Data Streams. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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