The perspective attribute provides perspective effects for the 3D transformation of the child elements by setting the observation distance. 1. It acts on the parent element to uniformly control the 3D perspective of the child element; 2. Unlike transform: perspective(), the latter only affects the current element; 3. It needs to be used with transforms such as rotateX, rotateY, or translateZ to take effect; 4. Common reasons for invalid settings include: not using 3D transformations, written on child elements, or being truncated by overflow: hidden. The smaller the value, the stronger the perspective. If set to none, there will be no effect.
perspective
attribute of CSS is a key attribute used to add 3D effects to an element or its child elements. It does not directly turn elements into 3D, but provides an observation angle for those child elements with 3D transformations. In short, it is "looking at the distance and angle of this 3D effect."

How does perspective
work?
You can think of it as you are standing at a distance watching a 3D scene. If you get closer, the 3D effect will be more obvious; if you get farther, it will look flatter.
- It usually acts on the parent element, and those that affect its child elements that use 3D transformations (such as
rotateX
,rotateY
). - The unit of numerical value is pixels (px). The smaller the value, the stronger the perspective effect; the larger the value, the more it looks like a front view.
- If set to
none
, it means there is no perspective effect.
For example:

.container { perspective: 800px; }
The meaning of this code is: If all child elements in .container
have 3D transformations, they will be displayed from an 800px perspective.
Common usage and precautions
1. Which element is it set?
- It is generally set on the parent container, so that the 3D viewing angle of a group of child elements can be controlled uniformly.
- It is not recommended to add each child element separately, as it is easy to be confused.
2. What is the difference between transform: perspective()
?
-
perspective
is a CSS attribute that acts on the entire element and its children. -
transform: perspective(800px)
is a transformation function that only affects the current element itself and will not be passed to the child element.
3. Use with other 3D transformations
For example, common combinations:

.child { transform: rotateY(45deg) translateZ(100px); }
At this time, if the parent sets perspective
, the rotation will have a real three-dimensional sense.
Frequently Asked Questions in Actual Development
Sometimes setting up perspective
has no effect, which may be due to these reasons:
- Forgot to use 3D-related transformations on child elements, such as
translateZ
orrotateX/Y
. - Writing
perspective
on the child element rather than the parent element will only affect oneself. - Use
overflow: hidden
to cut the excess. - There is no problem with browser compatibility, and mainstream browsers support it, but pay attention to whether the writing method is correct.
Basically that's it. I understand that it is used to "set the observation distance", and then combined with 3D transformation, it can produce some good three-dimensional effects. Not complicated but it is easy to ignore details, especially the relationship between the father and son elements.
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