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Table of Contents
Basic usage: select the right target element
Common uses: not just color change
Nesting and Hierarchy: Don't "invalid" styles
Compatibility and performance: Don't ignore these details
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial How to use the :hover pseudo-class in CSS?

How to use the :hover pseudo-class in CSS?

Jul 17, 2025 am 12:39 AM

The :hover pseudo-class is used to realize style changes when mouse hovering. It is suitable for various elements such as buttons, menus, pictures, etc. The basic writing method is to add :hover after selectors, such as button:hover{background color change}. Common uses include button interaction, drop-down menus, picture enlargement, prompt display, etc. When using it, you need to note that the mobile hover may only trigger when clicked. The structure nesting may cause style failure. The z-index level, style coverage and debug with developer tools. At the same time, pay attention to compatibility and performance to avoid excessive animations affecting the experience.

How to use the :hover pseudo-class in CSS?

When you want an element to change when hovering over the mouse, the :hover pseudo-class is the most commonly used tool. It is simple, direct and practical, and is especially suitable for interactive effects such as button color change, pull-down menu, and picture enlargement.

How to use the :hover pseudo-class in CSS?

Basic usage: select the right target element

The basic way to write :hover is to add :hover to the selector. For example, if you want a button to change color when hovering, you can write it like this:

 button:hover {
  background-color: #ffcc00;
}

This usage applies to any HTML element, such as links, images, paragraphs, custom components, etc. As long as the user puts the mouse on, the style will change.

How to use the :hover pseudo-class in CSS?

Note: On touch screen devices, :hover may not "continuously take effect" like mouse hover. Some devices only trigger once when clicking, so you should pay attention to this when developing on mobile devices.


Common uses: not just color change

:hover most common uses include:

How to use the :hover pseudo-class in CSS?
  • Button interaction : color, border, shadow changes
  • Pull-down menu : Move the mouse to display submenu
  • Image magnification or filter changes : stronger visual feedback
  • Prompt information display : For example, hovering to display text instructions

For example, make a simple image hovering effect:

 img.zoom-on-hover:hover {
  transform: scale(1.1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

Adding transition makes the changes smoother and the user experience is better.


Nesting and Hierarchy: Don't "invalid" styles

Sometimes you may find :hover does not respond, it may be because the style is overwritten or the structure is nested.

For example, you wrote a hover style of the parent element, but the style of the child element is not inherited, or the element with position: absolute is "hidden" under another layer.

There are several solutions:

  • Make sure the hover element is on the z-index layer
  • Check if there are other CSS rules that overwrite the hover style
  • Use browser developer tools to check if the element is actually applied :hover

Let's give a structural example:

 <div class="parent">
  <div class="child"></div>
</div>

CSS:

 .parent:hover .child {
  background-color: red;
}

This way, .child will only change color when the mouse hovers over .parent . This writing method is often used in scenes such as menus, card hover display buttons, etc.


Compatibility and performance: Don't ignore these details

:hover is basically supported in modern browsers, but there are several details that need to be paid attention to:

  • On mobile devices, as mentioned earlier, behavior may be inconsistent
  • Overuse :hover animation may affect performance, especially when a large number of elements hover changes at the same time
  • Keep the hover style clear to avoid user's inability to see changes

If you are building a responsive website, it is recommended to test whether the "click triggers" problem will occur on your mobile browser. If necessary, you can use JavaScript or other methods to simulate hovering behavior.


Basically that's it. :hover is simple, but using it well also requires consideration of structure, interaction and compatibility. Not complicated, but it is easy to ignore details.

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