HTML5's History API allows you to modify URLs without refreshing the page, improving the SPA experience. Its core method pushState() adds a new historical entry and replaceState() replaces the current entry. Both do not refresh the page but affects the behavior of the navigation buttons; for example, use pushState to update the URL when clicking the menu. The state parameter is used to save page status data and can be accessed through the window.onpopstate event, but this event is only triggered when the user clicks the forward/back button. In addition, the History API can only modify the path and query parameters of the same-origin URL, and cannot jump to other domain names. The server needs to configure fallback to index.html to avoid 404 errors. When using it, you need to pay attention to browser compatibility and test support.
Let’s talk about the key point directly: HTML5’s History API provides the ability to operate browser history, allowing developers to modify URLs without refreshing the page, achieving a smoother front-end routing and single-page application (SPA) experience.

Replace or add history entry
The two most commonly used methods in the History API are pushState()
and replaceState()
. They allow you to add or replace the current state to the browser's history stack.
-
pushState(state, title, url)
will create a new historical entry -
replaceState(state, title, url)
replaces the current historical entry
These two methods will not trigger page refresh, but will affect the browser's forward and back button behavior. For example, when clicking on the navigation menu in a SPA application, you can use pushState
to update the URL to reflect the current "page" without reloading the entire page.

Note: The second parameter title
is currently ignored by most browsers, so it is usually just passed in an empty string.
How to save page status data
Both pushState
and replaceState
accept a state
parameter, which is a serializable object to hold information related to the history entry. This data will not be displayed on the URL, but can be accessed through window.onpopstate
event.

For example:
history.pushState({ page: 'home' }, '', '/home');
When the user clicks the return button to return to this entry, you can listen to the popstate
event to restore the page state:
window.addEventListener('popstate', function(event) { if (event.state && event.state.page === 'home') { // Re-render the homepage content} });
It should be noted that the popstate
event will only be triggered when the user clicks the forward/back button of the browser, and calling pushState
or replaceState
will not trigger it.
Restrictions and security mechanisms for URL modification
Although the History API can modify the URL, it cannot be redirected to the address under other domain names at will, otherwise an error will be thrown. In other words, you can only modify the path, query parameters and hash under the current domain name.
For example, if your current page is https://example.com/about
, you can change it to /contact
or /about?section=team
via pushState
, but it cannot change it https://google.com
.
In addition, the server side also needs to cooperate with these paths, otherwise when the user directly accesses a URL dynamically generated by JS, the server may return 404. The solution is usually to configure the server to fall back all requests index.html
and then take over by the front-end route.
Basically that's it. By mastering the core points of push, replace and popstate, you can have a good control over the browser history. But don't forget to test the compatibility of different browsers, although mainstream modern browsers already support these APIs.
The above is the detailed content of Manipulating Browser History with HTML5 History API. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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