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Table of Contents
Use front-end routing to achieve page switching
Organize code using componentized structures
Asynchronously load resources to improve performance
Home Web Front-end H5 Tutorial How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?

How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?

Jul 10, 2025 pm 01:17 PM

Using HTML5 to make single-page applications (SPA) requires combining JS and CSS. The core lies in front-end routing, dynamic content loading and good structural organization. 1. Use History API to implement front-end routing, control URL changes through pushState/replaceState and listen to popstate event processing navigation; 2. Load content dynamically, obtain data or templates asynchronously according to the current path and render to the main container, so as to achieve page switching without refresh; 3. Imitate the componentized structure, treat each page as an independent component, control loading and unloading through JS, and reuse common parts such as the head and bottom; 4. Load resources asynchronously, introduce JS/CSS as needed, and use lazy loading and preloading strategies to improve performance. Master these four points to build a simple SPA.

How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?

Let me directly talk about the key point: Using HTML5 to make a single page application (SPA), the core lies in front-end routing, dynamic content loading and good structural organization. HTML5 itself is just the basics, you need to combine JavaScript and CSS to truly implement the functions of SPA.

How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?

Use front-end routing to achieve page switching

The core feature of SPA is that you can switch views without refreshing the page, which requires front-end routing to control. Instead of traditional page redirects, you can use the browser's History API (such as pushState and replaceState ) to manage URL changes.

  • Listen to URL Changes: You can detect that the user clicks the forward or back button of the browser by listening to popstate event.
  • Dynamic loading: Load different modules or components according to the current URL, such as obtaining data through AJAX or importing templates through JS modules.
  • Simple example: When accessing /about , instead of opening a new page, the home page content is hidden, showing the "About me" section.

If you don't want to write routing logic from scratch, you can also consider lightweight libraries such as Page.js or use Vue Router/React Router directly (if you use frameworks).

How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?

Organize code using componentized structures

Although you may not use the framework, you can emulate the component structure of the SPA framework to organize your HTML, CSS, and JS.

  • Treat each "page" as a component: such as the home page, the contact page, and the settings page, and write it into independent HTML fragments or JS modules respectively.
  • Use JavaScript to control the loading and unloading of components: for example, determine the current path through functions, and then insert the corresponding HTML content into the container.
  • Maintain public parts reuse: For example, the unchanged parts such as the navigation bar and the footer can be managed uniformly with <div id="header"> , and only the main content area is replaced.<p> The advantage of this is that it is clear structure and easier to maintain. </p> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/175212467728773.jpeg" class="lazy" alt="How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?"><hr> <h3 id="Asynchronously-load-resources-to-improve-performance"> Asynchronously load resources to improve performance</h3> <p> One of the major advantages of SPA is to reduce the sense of waiting brought by page refresh, so asynchronous loading of resources is very important.</p> <ul> <li> Loading JS/CSS on demand: Don't load all resources at the beginning, but dynamically introduce them based on the current "page".</li> <li> Use lazy loading images or modules: HTML5 supports <code><img loading="lazy" alt="How to build a single page application (SPA) with HTML5?" > , and JS can also use import() to dynamically import modules.
  • Preloading strategy: When the user hovers a link with a mouse, the resource on the target page is loaded in advance to improve the experience.

For example: The user only loads the JS scripts and images of the page when he clicks into the "Product Details Page", instead of loading them all at the beginning.


Basically that's it. HTML5 itself is just a container, and the real SPA function is implemented by JS. There is no need for too complex tool chains. As long as you understand the three parts of routing, component structure and asynchronous loading, you can build a simple SPA by yourself.

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