Localization and internationalization in Laravel can be achieved through the following ways: 1. Use language files to manage the translation content, create different language folders in the resources/lang directory and define the translation content, and call it through __('messages.welcome'); 2. Set the current locale, use App::setLocale('zh') to modify the language, and can dynamically switch in the middleware according to URL, session or cookie; 3. Support plural forms and placeholder replacement, such as displaying different translations according to different numbers, use {{ __('messages.items', ['count' => $count]) }} to implement; 4. It is recommended to use php artisan lang:publish to automatically generate structures, combined with laravel-localization The extension package handles multilingual routing, large projects can export CSV management translations, and dynamic content needs to be stored in the database for multilingual versions.

Dealing with localization and internationalization in Laravel is not actually complicated, but several key points need to be understood. Laravel provides a good multilingual support mechanism that can meet the needs of most projects, especially small and medium-sized applications.

1. Use language file management to translate content

Laravel localization is mainly achieved through language files. You can create corresponding folders for each language in the resources/lang directory, such as en , zh , etc., and store the .php file to define the translation content in each folder.

For example:

• resources/lang/en/messages.php
• resources/lang/zh/messages.php

In these files you can write this:

 // resources/lang/en/messages.php
Return [
    'welcome' => 'Welcome to our application',
];

// resources/lang/zh/messages.php
Return [
    'welcome' => 'Welcome to use our app',
];

Then use __('messages.welcome') in the Blade template or controller to call the corresponding language content.

Note: If you are using a JSON format language file, you can also directly place it in the lang directory, and Laravel will automatically recognize it. This method is more suitable for dynamic language packs or non-PHP developers to maintain.

2. Set the current locale (Locale)

The default language of Laravel is English ( en ), you can modify the currently requested language in the following ways:

 App::setLocale('zh');

Usually you will set this value according to user preferences or URL parameters. A common practice is to judge the user's language in middleware, such as getting it from session, cookie, or URL prefix.

For example, if the URL has a structure like /zh/home , you can extract zh as locale and process it uniformly in the route:

 Route::group(['prefix' => '{locale}'], function() {
    App::setLocale(request()->locale);

    Route::get('home', 'HomeController@index');
});

Of course, you can also combine middleware to make more complex logical judgments, such as prioritizing reading of the user-set language, and then falling back to the browser language or default language.

3. Handle plural forms and placeholder substitutions

Laravel supports translation with parameters, and also supports displaying different translation versions according to different numbers, which is very useful when displaying scenarios such as "1 message" and "5 messages".

For example:

 // lang/zh/messages.php
'items' => '{0} No items|[1,*] There are:count items',

Use in templates:

 {{ __('messages.items', ['count' => $count]) }}

Laravel will automatically select the appropriate expression based on the value of $count . Similar ones include date formats, currency symbols, etc., but these may require expansion packages such as laravel-localization or custom helper functions.

4. Recommend some common tools and techniques

• Automatically generate language file structure using php artisan lang:publish (Laravel 9)
• Installing the mcamara/laravel-localization extension package can easily handle common needs such as multilingual routing and redirection.
• If it is a large project, it is recommended to centrally manage the translation content, such as exporting it into CSV and importing it into a translation platform, and then importing it back to the language file
• For dynamic content (such as article titles in database), you need to design fields to store different language versions by yourself, and you cannot rely on language files

Basically that's it. Although Laravel's localization mechanism is not particularly powerful, it can meet most business needs. The key is to reasonably organize the language file structure and cooperate with middleware or routing rules to switch the locale.

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