Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption
Jul 05, 2025 am 02:33 AM<figure> and <figcaption> are semantic tags used by HTML5 to wrap independent content and their descriptions. 1. <figure> is a container element, often used to wrap pictures, charts, etc.; 2. <figcaption> is its explanatory text, placed at the top or bottom of <figure>. The benefits of using them include: 1. Improve semantics and accessibility; 2. Clear structure for easy maintenance; 3. Favorable for SEO; 4. Convenient style control. Common uses include: 1. Add pictures to the description; 2. Share a description with multiple pictures; 3. Contains code blocks, videos and other content. Notes include: 1. Do not abuse, decorative pictures do not need to be used; 2. Instructions are not required; 3. Avoid nesting complex structures; 4. The style needs to be manually adjusted.
In web design, the combination of pictures and essays is very common. HTML5 provides special tags to regulate this structure— <figure></figure>
and <figcaption></figcaption>
. These two tags not only make the code clearer, but also improve semantics and accessibility.

What are <figure></figure>
and <figcaption></figcaption>
?
<figure></figure>
is a container element that is usually used to wrap independent content such as pictures, charts, illustrations, etc. <figcaption></figcaption>
is its "title" or "description", which can be placed at the top or bottom of the inside of <figure></figure>
to describe the content.

For example, the following structure:
<figure> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="example.jpg" class="lazy" alt="example picture"> <figcaption>This is the caption of the picture</figcaption> </figure>
The advantage of writing this way is that the browser, search engine and screen reader can clearly know that this image and the corresponding description are a set of contents.

Why should I use <figure>
and <figcaption>
?
Many developers are accustomed to using div or p tags to place pictures and instructions directly, but using <figure>
and <figcaption>
is more standard and reasonable. There are several reasons:
- Semantics clear : Tell the browser and helper that this is an image block with instructions.
- Clear structure : convenient for later maintenance. Others can see which one is the picture description at a glance when looking at your code.
- SEO-friendly : Search engines are easier to understand image content and help improve page rankings.
- Style control is more convenient : you can set margins, backgrounds, alignments, etc. for
<figure>
separately, without affecting other content.
Several common uses in practical applications
Image description (most common)
<figure> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="photo.jpg" class="lazy" alt="Trees in the Park"> <figcaption>This is a century-old tree</figcaption> </figure>
Suitable for blog posts, news pictures, product display pages, etc.
Share a description of multiple images
Sometimes you want to put a few related pictures and add a description together, or you can wrap it in <figure>
:
<figure> <img src="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption.jpg" alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption"> <img src="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption.jpg" alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption"> <figcaption>These two pictures show different angles of the same scene</figcaption> </figure>
Note: It is best to have only one <figcaption>
for each <figure>
, as multiple instructions may cause ambiguity.
Not just pictures, but other content
<figure>
does not only contain <img alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption" >
, it is also suitable for charts, code blocks, videos, etc.:
<figure> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><code>console.log("Hello World");</code><figcaption>A simple JavaScript sample code
Common misunderstandings and precautions
Although <figure></figure>
is practical, there are some error-prone places:
Don't abuse
<figure></figure>
If the picture is just decorative (such as background image), you don’t need to use<figure></figure>
, just normal<img alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption" >
.Explanation text is not required
There may be no<figcaption></figcaption>
in<figure></figure>
, but if you need to explain it, it is best to add it.Don't nest too many levels
<figure></figure>
should be an independent unit, try not to nest too complex structures.Flexible handling of style
By default, the font size and color of<figcaption></figcaption>
may be the same as the body text, and it is recommended to adjust it manually according to the design.
Basically that's it. Use <figure></figure>
and <figcaption></figcaption>
well to make your HTML structure clearer, more readable and maintainable. Don't underestimate these two tags, they play an increasingly important role in modern web development.
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