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Table of Contents
What are
and
?
Why should I use
and
?
Several common uses in practical applications
Image description (most common)
Share a description of multiple images
Not just pictures, but other content
Common misunderstandings and precautions
Home Web Front-end H5 Tutorial Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption

Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption

Jul 05, 2025 am 02:33 AM

<figure> and <figcaption> are semantic tags used by HTML5 to wrap independent content and their descriptions. 1. <figure> is a container element, often used to wrap pictures, charts, etc.; 2. <figcaption> is its explanatory text, placed at the top or bottom of <figure>. The benefits of using them include: 1. Improve semantics and accessibility; 2. Clear structure for easy maintenance; 3. Favorable for SEO; 4. Convenient style control. Common uses include: 1. Add pictures to the description; 2. Share a description with multiple pictures; 3. Contains code blocks, videos and other content. Notes include: 1. Do not abuse, decorative pictures do not need to be used; 2. Instructions are not required; 3. Avoid nesting complex structures; 4. The style needs to be manually adjusted.

Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption

In web design, the combination of pictures and essays is very common. HTML5 provides special tags to regulate this structure— <figure></figure> and <figcaption></figcaption> . These two tags not only make the code clearer, but also improve semantics and accessibility.

Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption

What are <figure></figure> and <figcaption></figcaption> ?

<figure></figure> is a container element that is usually used to wrap independent content such as pictures, charts, illustrations, etc. <figcaption></figcaption> is its "title" or "description", which can be placed at the top or bottom of the inside of <figure></figure> to describe the content.

Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption

For example, the following structure:

 <figure>
  <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="example.jpg"  class="lazy" alt="example picture">
  <figcaption>This is the caption of the picture</figcaption>
</figure>

The advantage of writing this way is that the browser, search engine and screen reader can clearly know that this image and the corresponding description are a set of contents.

Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption

Why should I use <figure> and <figcaption> ?

Many developers are accustomed to using div or p tags to place pictures and instructions directly, but using <figure> and <figcaption> is more standard and reasonable. There are several reasons:

  • Semantics clear : Tell the browser and helper that this is an image block with instructions.
  • Clear structure : convenient for later maintenance. Others can see which one is the picture description at a glance when looking at your code.
  • SEO-friendly : Search engines are easier to understand image content and help improve page rankings.
  • Style control is more convenient : you can set margins, backgrounds, alignments, etc. for <figure> separately, without affecting other content.

Several common uses in practical applications

Image description (most common)

 <figure>
  <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="photo.jpg"  class="lazy" alt="Trees in the Park">
  <figcaption>This is a century-old tree</figcaption>
</figure>

Suitable for blog posts, news pictures, product display pages, etc.

Share a description of multiple images

Sometimes you want to put a few related pictures and add a description together, or you can wrap it in <figure> :

 <figure>
  <img src="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption.jpg" alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption">
  <img src="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption.jpg" alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption">
  <figcaption>These two pictures show different angles of the same scene</figcaption>
</figure>

Note: It is best to have only one <figcaption> for each <figure> , as multiple instructions may cause ambiguity.

Not just pictures, but other content

<figure> does not only contain <img alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption" > , it is also suitable for charts, code blocks, videos, etc.:

 <figure>
  <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><code>console.log("Hello World");</code>
<figcaption>A simple JavaScript sample code

Common misunderstandings and precautions

Although <figure></figure> is practical, there are some error-prone places:

  • Don't abuse <figure></figure>
    If the picture is just decorative (such as background image), you don’t need to use <figure></figure> , just normal <img alt="Structuring Images and Captions with HTML5 Figure and Figcaption" > .

  • Explanation text is not required
    There may be no <figcaption></figcaption> in <figure></figure> , but if you need to explain it, it is best to add it.

  • Don't nest too many levels
    <figure></figure> should be an independent unit, try not to nest too complex structures.

  • Flexible handling of style
    By default, the font size and color of <figcaption></figcaption> may be the same as the body text, and it is recommended to adjust it manually according to the design.


Basically that's it. Use <figure></figure> and <figcaption></figcaption> well to make your HTML structure clearer, more readable and maintainable. Don't underestimate these two tags, they play an increasingly important role in modern web development.

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