There are three main differences between Callable and Runnable in Java. First, the callable method can return the result, suitable for tasks that need to return values, such as Callable
In Java, both Callable
and Runnable
are used to represent tasks that can be executed by a thread. However, they have key differences that make each suitable for different scenarios.

1. Return Value
One of the main differences between Callable
and Runnable
is that Callable
can return a result, while Runnable
cannot.

-
Callable
returns a value through itscall()
method, which is of typeObject
. This makes it useful when you need to perform some computing and get a result back. -
Runnable
, on the other hand, has arun()
method that does not return anything. It's typically used for tasks that just need to run without returning a value.
For example, if you're downloading a file and want to know whether it was successful, you might use a Callable<boolean></boolean>
. If you're just logging some information or updating a UI, a Runnable
would suffice.
2. Exception Handling
Another important difference is how exceptions are handled.

- The
call()
method inCallable
can throw checked exceptions. This means you can handle errors more gracefully and pass them back to the caller. - In contrast, the
run()
method inRunnable
doesn't allow throwing checked exceptions. Any exception handling must be done inside the method itself.
This makes Callable
more flexible when working with code that might fail due to external factors like I/O operations or network calls.
3. Usage with Thread and ExecutorService
How these interfaces are used with threads and executors also differs:
-
Runnable
can be directly passed to aThread
object or submitted to anExecutorService
. -
Callable
can only be submitted to anExecutorService
, not directly used with aThread
. When you submit aCallable
, it returns aFuture
object, which allows you to retrieve the result once it's available.
Here's how you might use them:
// Runnable example Runnable task = () -> System.out.println("Running a Runnable"); new Thread(task).start(); // Callable example Callable<String> task = () -> "Result from Callable"; ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); Future<String> future = executor.submit(task);
So if you need a result or want to work with futures, Callable
is the better choice. If you just need something to run without a return value, stick with Runnable
.
That's basically it — the main distinctions come down to return types, exception handling, and how they're used with threads and executors. Not too complicated, but easy to mix up if you're not paying attention.
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