How to smoothly scroll an element into the viewport?
Jul 01, 2025 am 01:04 AM
To achieve smooth scrolling of elements to the visible area, there are two main methods available. First, use the scrollIntoView method to achieve smoothing effect by setting behavior: 'smooth', and the alignment method can be controlled through block and inline parameters; second, use custom scroll animations to achieve finer control by gradually adjusting scrollTop or scrollY values, which is suitable for compatibility with old browsers; in addition, you need to pay attention to the impact of DOM loading timing, parent container scroll settings and CSS scroll-behavior attributes.
Sometimes there is too much content on the page, and jumping directly to a certain element will make the user feel abrupt. At this time, the elements need to be scrolled smoothly to the visual area to improve the user experience. It is actually not difficult to achieve this effect, the key is to choose the right method.
Use scrollIntoView method
Modern browsers generally support the scrollIntoView DOM method, which allows specified elements to scroll to the visible area of ??the viewport. By default, it is instant scrolling, but you can achieve smoothing by setting behavior: 'smooth' :
document.getElementById('myElement').scrollIntoView({
behavior: 'smooth',
block: 'start', // can control the alignment: 'start', 'center', 'end'
inline: 'nearest'
});-
blockcontrols the alignment in the vertical direction. -
inlinecontrols horizontal direction (usually less). - If you want the element to appear at the top, you can set it to
{ block: 'start' }.
This method is simple and effective and is suitable for most basic scenarios.
Custom scrolling animations (more compatibility)
If you need more granular control or want to be compatible with some old browsers, you can manually implement scrolling animations with JavaScript. The basic idea is to constantly adjust scrollTop value of window.scrollY or container to gradually approach the target position.
Here is a simple implementation example:
function smoothScrollTo(element, duration = 500) {
const targetPosition = element.getBoundingClientRect().top window.pageYOffset;
const startPosition = window.pageYOffset;
const distance = targetPosition - startPosition;
let startTime = null;
function animation(currentTime) {
if (startTime === null) startTime = currentTime;
const timeElapsed = currentTime - startTime;
const ease = Math.min(timeElapsed / duration, 1);
window.scrollTo(0, startPosition distance * ease);
if (timeElapsed < duration) requestAnimationFrame(animation);
}
requestAnimationFrame(animation);
}Although this method has more code, it is more flexible, such as adding delays, callback functions, etc.
Notes and FAQs
There are a few things that are easy to ignore when using these methods:
- Elements are not visible or not loaded : Calling
scrollIntoViewbefore DOM loads may fail, ensuring that the script is executed correctly, such as in theDOMContentLoadedevent. - The parent container has
overflowset : If the target element is nested in the containeroverflow: scrollset,scrollToshould be used instead ofwindowfor the container. - CSS's
scroll-behaviorproperty : globally sethtml { scroll-behavior: smooth; }can affect the scrolling behavior of the entire page, but it will not act on JS scrolling operations.
Basically these are the methods. Which method to choose depends on your project requirements and compatibility requirements. scrollIntoView is simpler, and custom scrolling is more flexible.
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