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Table of Contents
Understanding the Basic Syntax
Using Formulas Like n 3 or 2n 1
Difference Between :nth-child() and :nth-of-type()
Practical Use Cases
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial How to use the :nth-child() pseudo-class?

How to use the :nth-child() pseudo-class?

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:35 AM
Pseudo class

<p>:nth-child() pseudo-class is used in CSS to accurately select specific child elements based on element position. Its basic syntax is element:nth-child(n), which can select the nth child element, and supports odd, even and an b formulas, such as 2n 1 or n 3, respectively, to realize odd line selection or custom interval and start point. For example, tr:nth-child(even) adds background color to even rows of the table. Unlike :nth-of-type(), :nth-child() calculates all child elements, while the former only calculates the same element. Common uses include zebra pattern tables, gallery layouts, navigation menus and form typesettings. When using them, they need to be flexibly applied and tested and verified in combination with the specific HTML structure.

<p>How to use the :nth-child() pseudo-class?

<p> When you want to target specific elements in a list based on their position, :nth-child() is one of the most useful pseudo-classes in CSS. It lets you select every nth element among a group of siblings — for example, every other row in a table or altering colors in a list.

<p> Here's how it works and when to use it.


Understanding the Basic Syntax

<p> The basic structure looks like this:

 element:nth-child(n) {
  /* styles here */
}
<p> This will select the nth child regardless of what type of element it is . So if you write li:nth-child(2) , it will match the second child of its parent only if that child is an <li> . If it's a <div> or something else, it won't match.

<p> Common values ??for n include:

    <li> 1 , 2 , 3 — selects the first, second, third item, etc.<li> odd — selects every odd-numbered child (1st, 3rd, 5th…)<li> even — selects every even-numbered child (2nd, 4th, 6th…)
<p> For example:

 tr:nth-child(even) {
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
<p> This gives every even table row a light gray background.


Using Formulas Like n 3 or 2n 1

<p> :nth-child() also accepts formulas in the form of an b .

<p> Here's how that breaks down:

    <li> a is the interval (like every 2nd, 3rd, etc.)<li> b is the offset
<p> Some common examples:

    <li> 2n 1 → same as odd<li> 2n → same as even<li> 3n → every third child<li> n 4 → starts from the 4th child onward
<p> Let's say you want to highlight every third item in a list:

 li:nth-child(3n) {
  color: red;
}
<p> That would make the 3rd, 6th, 9th, etc., items red.

<p> Or if you want to start styling from the 5th item onward:

 li:nth-child(n 5) {
  font-weight: bold;
}

Difference Between :nth-child() and :nth-of-type()

<p> It's easy to confuse these two, but the key difference is:

    <li> :nth-child() counts all children , no matter the tag type.<li> :nth-of-type() only counts elements of the same type .
<p> So if your HTML looks like this:

 <div>
  <p>Paragraph 1</p>
  <span>Span</span>
  <p>Paragraph 2</p>
</div>
<p> Then:

 p:nth-child(3) { color: red; }
<p> …will work because the third child is a <p> . But:

 p:nth-child(2) { color: blue; }
<p> …won't apply anything because the second child is a <span> , not a <p> .

<p> If instead you used:

 p:nth-of-type(2) { color: blue; }
<p> …it would target "Paragraph 2" because it's the second <p>

in the list, regardless of other tags mixed in.


Practical Use Cases

<p> Here are a few real-world situations where :nth-child() shines:

    <li> Zebra-stripe tables: Alternate row backgrounds for better readingability. <li> Gallery layouts: Apply different styles or margins to every other image. <li> Navigation menus: Style the last few items differently without extra classes. <li> Form layout: Space out or align every third input field.
<p> Just remember: always test in browser dev tools to make sure it's targeting what you expect, especially if the HTML structure isn't perfectly uniform.


<p> Basically that's it. As long as you understand the formula and matching logic, :nth-child() will not be difficult to master. The key is to use it flexibly in the actual structure, rather than hard-patch formulas.

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