@keyframes CSS: What is the browser compatibility?
Jun 20, 2025 am 12:35 AM
@keyframes are very compatible in modern browsers, but older browsers need special attention. 1. Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge and Opera are fully supported from specific versions without prefixes. 2. IE 9 and IE 10 require the -ms- prefix, which is not supported by IE 8 and earlier versions.
The CSS @keyframes rule is a powerful tool for creating animations, which defines the individual keyframes of an animation. So, have you ever had any concerns about its browser compatibility? I can tell you that the compatibility of @keyframes is already very good in modern browsers, but there are some details that deserve our attention.
Before delving into the browser compatibility of @keyframes, let's first appreciate a simple CSS animation code and feel its charm:
@keyframes fadeIn {
from { opacity: 0; }
to { opacity: 1; }
}
.fade-in {
animation: fadeIn 2s ease-in;
} This code defines an animation called fadeIn , which lasts for 2 seconds from completely transparent to completely opaque. This is a simple but effective example showing the basic usage of @keyframes.
Now, back to our topic – browser compatibility. The @keyframes rule is widely supported in modern browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Opera. Specifically:
- Chrome : Full support for @keyframes starting from version 43, without prefixes.
- Firefox : Full support for @keyframes starting from version 16, without prefixes.
- Safari : Full support for @keyframes starting from version 9, without prefixes.
- Edge : Full support for @keyframes starting from version 12, without prefixes.
- Opera : Full support for @keyframes starting from version 30, without prefixes.
Although modern browsers already have very good support for @keyframes, we still need to pay attention to some details when dealing with some old browsers. For example, IE 9 and IE 10 require -ms- prefix, while IE 8 and earlier do not support @keyframes at all. If your project needs to be compatible with these old browsers, you may want to consider using JavaScript or other alternatives to achieve animation effects.
In actual projects, I once encountered an interesting case: a website developed by a team needs to run well on IE 10. We used @keyframes to achieve some complex animation effects, but found that these animations were not performing well on IE 10. To solve this problem, we had to use -ms- prefix and optimize the animation to finally achieve the expected effect. This case made me realize that even with good support from modern browsers, it is still very important to understand the compatibility of older browsers.
Here are some suggestions for developers who need to ensure a consistent experience on a variety of browsers:
- Use automation tools : Tools like Autoprefixer can automatically add necessary prefixes to your CSS, ensuring compatibility on different browsers.
- Progressive Augmentation : When designing animations, consider using a progressive augmentation approach. First make sure the basic functions work properly on all browsers, then add advanced animation effects.
- Testing and debugging : Use multiple browsers to test and use developer tools to debug to ensure that your animations perform consistently in different environments.
Finally, I want to share an experience about performance optimization. When using @keyframes, I found that overuse of complex animations can cause page performance issues, especially on mobile devices. For optimization, I will try to simplify the animation effect, use the will-change attribute to prompt the browser to prepare in advance, or use CSS hardware acceleration to improve performance. These tips helped me greatly improve the smoothness of my page.
Anyway, @keyframes has already been very good compatibility in modern browsers, but for projects that need to support older browsers, we still need to take some steps to ensure compatibility. With sensible use of tools, progressive enhancement and performance optimization, we can make CSS animations perform well in all environments.
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