As a front-end developer, I appreciate GraphQL's elegant data exposure. It's like a customizable menu, letting me request precisely the data I need for UI components, avoiding excessive API calls or dependence on back-end developers for bespoke APIs.
However, someone creates that data menu. If it's your in-house GraphQL API, you control everything. But if it's a third-party API, like a CMS, your control is limited. You're stuck with the pre-defined menu; no additions or substitutions allowed.
This limitation was highlighted in a ShopTalk discussion with Simen Skogsrud and Knut Melv?r of Sanity. Sanity, a JSON data storage and CMS, uses its own query language, GROQ, instead of GraphQL. Initially, this seems like a step backward – creating a proprietary language instead of using the industry standard.
But Simen and Knut pointed out GraphQL's limitations when used as a third-party API: you're restricted to the provided options. For example, a generic GraphQL API for authors might only offer:
<code>{
allAuthors {
author {
name
username
avatar
}
}
}</code>
If you need the number of authors, not the authors themselves, you're out of luck. You'd have to fetch all authors and count them client-side.
A CMS offering a GraphQL endpoint faces a choice: strict, limited data access, or a way to extend and control that access. Sanity chose the latter, providing GROQ, an open-sourced query language powerful enough to access any data within the JSON store.
With GROQ, you don't need API modifications to retrieve the author count. You could use a query like:
<code>{ "totalAuthors": count(*[_type == "author"]) }</code>
(Note: This is conceptual; the exact syntax depends on the queried JSON.)
GROQ's advantages:
- Unrestricted querying: Access any data.
- Simplified architecture: No intermediary configuration layer.
Disadvantages:
- Complex syntax: Steeper learning curve.
- Limited integration: Reduced opportunities for multi-API connections, permission-based data access, etc.
The above is the detailed content of The Best (GraphQL) API is One You Write. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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