Want a fixed background that stays put while scrolling? background-attachment: fixed in CSS often fails in mobile browsers. Here's a workaround, a "hack," to achieve this effect.
The Problem
Let's examine the issue with two background types: linear gradients and images.
Linear Gradient
For a fixed gradient on scroll, we might use this CSS:
body {
background: linear-gradient(335deg, rgba(255,140,107,1) 0%, rgba(255,228,168,1) 100%);
background-attachment: fixed;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
height: 100vh;
}
On Android Chrome and Firefox, the gradient scrolls, then jumps. This seems related to the browser's difficulty re-rendering the gradient in real-time when the URL bar hides/appears. iOS Safari exhibits similar behavior.
Background Image
The problem is the same with images:
body {
background: url(../assets/test_pic.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
height: 100vh;
}
background-attachment: fixed also ignores the height property, calculating position relative to the viewport, not the element's height. This might be because background-attachment: fixed uses the smallest viewport, while elements use the largest. Viewport units (vh) don't resize when the URL bar changes visibility.
caniuse highlights browser inconsistencies with background-attachment: fixed.
The Solution (A Hack)
The solution involves removing background-attachment: fixed and using separate elements. If background-attachment: fixed uses the smallest viewport, let's use an element that uses the largest.
Create two divs: one for the background and one for content:
<div class="bg"></div> <div class="content"> <!-- Your content here --> </div>
Style them like this:
.bg {
background: linear-gradient(335deg, rgba(255,140,107,1) 0%, rgba(255,228,168,1) 100%);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
position: fixed;
z-index: -1; /* Optional */
}
.content {
position: absolute;
margin-top: 5rem;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
width: 80%;
}
This works similarly for background images:
.img {
background: url('../assets/test_pic.jpg');
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
position: fixed;
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
}
While minor scrolling might occur when the URL bar hides, the major issues are resolved.
Considerations
This "hack" uses a <div> instead of an <code><img alt="The Fixed Background Attachment Hack" > tag, which might affect semantics and accessibility. If the image is crucial for meaning, using an <img alt="The Fixed Background Attachment Hack" > with proper alt text is better, even if it means the hack won't work perfectly. A bottom navigation bar that auto-hides might still cause problems. In such cases, JavaScript might be necessary.
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