Master Linux RPM package manager: installation, upgrade, query and verification

As a Linux user, you may have been exposed to RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), which is a powerful package management system that is widely used in various Linux distributions such as Red Hat, CentOS, Fedora, OpenSUSE, etc. RPM is known for its simplicity and ease of use and high security. This guide will explore in-depth RPM commands and their practical applications in installing, upgrading, querying and verifying software packages.

What is RPM?

RPM, or Red Hat Package Manager, is a free open source package management system that allows you to install, update, delete, verify and query RPM packages on Linux systems. RPM packages are stored in a repository, and the RPM command line tool allows you to easily access a large number of packages. Most RPM packages are precompiled binary files that are compatible with specific Linux distributions and system architectures.

RPM package management basics: installation, upgrade and delete

To manage RPM packages, you need to use the rpm command along with specific options. Here are some entry-level commands:

• Installation: Use the -i option followed by the package file name to install the RPM package. For example:

   sudo rpm -ivh package.rpm

  The -v option provides detailed output, and the -h option displays the progress bar.

• Upgrade: Use the -U option to upgrade existing RPM packages. If available, the package will be upgraded to a newer version:

   sudo rpm -Uvh package.rpm

  If the package is missing any dependencies, RPM will list them and you will need to install them manually.

• Delete: Use the -e option followed by the package name to delete the installed RPM package:

   sudo rpm -e package_name

  To delete a package without checking its dependencies, use the --nodeps option.

Query and verification of RPM packages

To retrieve information about RPM packages and verify their integrity, you can use the following command:

• Query: Use the -q option to query whether a specific package is installed:

   sudo rpm -q package_name

  For more detailed information, use the -qi option. Additionally, you can use the -ql option to list all files in the installed package.

• Verification: Verify the integrity of installed packages using the -V option:

   sudo rpm -V package_name

  RPM will check file ownership, permissions, and other metadata and report any discrepancies.

More RPM command examples

RPM offers a wide range of features, and here are some more practical examples:

• Display package information before installation: Use the -qip option to view information about packages before installation:

   sudo rpm -qip package_name

• Check package dependencies: Use the -qpR option to check dependencies before installing the package:

   rpm -qpR package_name

• Find the man page: Use the -qdf option to list available documents related to installed packages:

   sudo rpm -qdf package_name

Summarize

Using the rpm command, you can manage and maintain RPM packages on Linux systems. While RPM is an excellent underlying tool, you can also use yum or dnf package manager to automatically resolve dependencies. To explore more advanced options and features, consult the RPM documentation.

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