The Go framework is a set of components that extend Go's built-in libraries to provide pre-built functionality (such as web development and database operations). Popular Go frameworks include Gin (web development), GORM (database operations), and RESTful (API management). Middleware is an interceptor pattern in the HTTP request processing chain, used to add functionality such as authentication or request logging without modifying the handler. Session management maintains session state by storing user data. You can use gorilla/sessions to manage sessions.

Go framework interview questions collection

Interview preparation is a crucial part of the software development process, especially for projects like Go Framework technology stack. This article compiles a collection of common Go framework interview questions and provides practical code examples to help you prepare for your next interview.

1. Explain the Go framework

Answer: The Go framework is an enhanced collection of built-in libraries in the Go language that provides pre-processing for common tasks. The components and structure of the build. These frameworks contain modules for functions such as web development, database operations, and API management.

2. List some popular Go frameworks

Answer:

• Web Development: Gin, Echo, Gorilla
• Database operations: GORM, xORM, SQLx
• API management: RESTful, Beego, Buffalo

3. Explain the role of middleware

Answer: Middleware is an interceptor pattern, used in Execute custom code within the HTTP request processing chain. It allows you to add functionality such as authentication, authorization, and request logging without modifying the handler itself.

4. How to use middleware in Gin

package main

import (
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "golang.org/x/time/rate"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    // 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)每秒允許 5 個(gè)請(qǐng)求的速率限制器
    limiter := rate.NewLimiter(5, 5)

    // 定義一個(gè)中間件，它使用速率限制器檢查每個(gè)請(qǐng)求
    middleware := func(c *gin.Context) {
        if !limiter.Allow() {
            c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
            return
        }

        // 繼續(xù)處理請(qǐng)求
        c.Next()
    }

    // 將中間件應(yīng)用到所有路由
    r.Use(middleware)

    r.Run()
}

5. Explain the role of session management in Go web applications

Answer: Session management allows applications to store and retrieve user information during a user session. It's essential for staying logged in, tracking shopping cart contents, and other user-specific data.

6. Use gorilla/sessions to manage sessions

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gorilla/sessions"
    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

const (
    SessionName = "session-name"
    CookieName  = "session-id"
    Secret      = "secret-key"
)

var (
    sessionStore *sessions.CookieStore
)

func main() {
    // 創(chuàng)建 session 存儲(chǔ)
    sessionStore = sessions.NewCookieStore([]byte(Secret))

    // 創(chuàng)建路由器
    r := mux.NewRouter()
    r.HandleFunc("/login", loginHandler)
    r.HandleFunc("/profile", profileHandler)

    // 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r))
}

// loginHandler 處理登錄請(qǐng)求并創(chuàng)建 session
func loginHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 創(chuàng)建 session
    session, err := sessionStore.Get(r, SessionName)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }

    // 將用戶 ID 設(shè)置為 session 數(shù)據(jù)
    session.Values["user_id"] = 10

    // 保存 session
    if err = sessionStore.Save(r, w, session); err != nil {
       http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
       return
    }

    // 重定向到個(gè)人資料頁面
    http.Redirect(w, r, "/profile", http.StatusFound)
}

// profileHandler 處理個(gè)人資料請(qǐng)求并檢索 session 數(shù)據(jù)
func profileHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 獲取 session
    session, err := sessionStore.Get(r, SessionName)
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }

    // 從 session 中檢索用戶 ID
    userID, ok := session.Values["user_id"].(int)
    if !ok {
        http.Error(w, "Invalid user ID in session", http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }

    // 使用用戶 ID 渲染個(gè)人資料頁面
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Your profile page, user ID: %d", userID)
}

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