How good is the performance of random number generators in Golang?
Jun 01, 2024 pm 09:15 PM
The best way to generate random numbers in Go depends on the level of security required by your application. Low security: Use the math/rand package to generate pseudo-random numbers, suitable for most applications. High security: Use the crypto/rand package to generate cryptographically secure random bytes, suitable for applications requiring stronger randomness.
Performance of Random Number Generators in Go
Random number generators are important in a variety of applications, from Game to Crypto. In Go, there are several ways to generate random numbers, each with different performance characteristics.
Math/Rand package
The simplest way to generate random numbers is to use the math/rand package. It provides the following methods:
func Float32() float32 func Float64() float64 func Int() int func Int63() int64 func Int31() int32 func Int31n(n int32) int32 func Int63n(n int64) int64 func NormFloat64() float64 func Perm(n int) []int
These methods use the Merson Rotation Pseudo-Random Number Generator (MT19937) to generate random numbers. MT19937 is a very fast algorithm, fast enough for most applications.
Crypto/Rand package
For applications requiring stronger randomness, the crypto/rand package provides the following methods:
func Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
This method obtains cryptographically secure random bytes from the operating system. It is slower than the method in the math/rand package, but it provides stronger security.
Practical case
The following program demonstrates how to use the math/rand and crypto/rand packages to generate random numbers :
package main
import (
"crypto/rand"
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"time"
)
func main() {
// 使用 math/rand 包生成隨機(jī)數(shù)
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
fmt.Println("Math/rand:", rand.Intn(100))
// 使用 crypto/rand 包生成隨機(jī)數(shù)
var b [16]byte
if _, err := rand.Read(b[:]); err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error:", err)
return
}
fmt.Println("Crypto/rand:", b)
}The output is as follows:
Math/rand: 23 Crypto/rand: [190 114 247 234 12 220 41 170 104 49 229 230 79 249 18 219]
Please note that the byte array generated by the crypto/rand method is cryptographically secure, while math/rand The numbers generated by this method are only pseudo-random.
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