std::any is a type-safe arbitrary type storage tool introduced by C 17. It can be used to save and retrieve any replicable types. It is suitable for scenarios such as configuring systems, plug-in interfaces, etc. that require heterogeneous data containers; it must include header files when using it, and the values ??are safely extracted through std::any_cast, and checked for types with .type() and typeid to avoid exceptions; it supports custom type storage, but does not support direct storage of move-only types, and can be solved through std::unique_ptr packaging; there is performance overhead and no implicit type conversion, which is suitable for dynamic type requirements of non-performance critical paths, but should not replace templates or polymorphic mechanisms. When using it, it must be ensured that the type matches before extraction is performed to ensure that

std::format is a modern formatting tool introduced by C 20. 1. Supports basic string formatting, such as std::format("Hello,{}!","World"); 2. Parameters can be referenced by position, such as {0}, {1}; 3. Provides digital conversion ({:#x}, {:#b}), fill ({:06}) and alignment ({:>8}); 4. Controls floating point accuracy ({:.2f}) and scientific notation ({:.2e}); 5. The formatting time needs to be passed into std::tm, such as {:%Y-%m-%d}; 6. Supports custom types, and specializes std::forma

Use std::transform combined with ::toupper to convert the string to uppercase, such as std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(),::toupper). This method is suitable for ASCII characters. Modify the original string. If you need to keep the original string, you can copy it first. It is recommended to use the ICU library in Unicode scenarios.

TolinkalibraryinC ,includeheaderswith#includeanduse-I,-L,and-lflags;forexample,g -I/path/to/includemycode.cpp-L/path/to/lib-lmylibrary-omyprogramlinkslibmylibrary.

The volatile keyword is used to prevent the compiler from optimizing variable operations and ensures direct access to memory every read and write. It is suitable for hardware registers, interrupt service programs, and signal processing scenarios.

IfaC classdefinesadestructor,copyconstructor,orcopyassignmentoperator,itshouldalsodefinetheothertwo(RuleofThree);withC 11,addmoveconstructorandmoveassignmentoperator(RuleofFive)toproperlymanageresourcesandavoidundefinedbehaviorfromshallowcopiesordo

Useconstforruntimeconstantswithtypesafety,likeconstintMAX_USERS=100;2.Useconstexprforcompile-timecomputation,suchasconstexprintBUFFER_SIZE=square(10);3.Avoid#defineduetolackoftypecheckingandscope,preferringconstorconstexprforbettercodequalityandmaint

TosetupaPowerShelldevelopmentenvironmentinVSCode,installVSCodeandPowerShell7 ,theninstalltheofficialPowerShellextensionbyMicrosoftforsyntaxhighlighting,IntelliSense,debugging,andscriptanalysis,configureworkspacesettingslikeenablingprofileloadingandfo