This article aims to guide developers how to correctly configure Laravel applications through PHP-FPM in the Nginx environment so that they can parse PHP files. This article will detail the key steps to configure Nginx and provide sample code to help developers solve PHP file parsing problems encountered when deploying Laravel applications in Nginx and ensure that the application can run normally.

When deploying Laravel applications using Nginx, a common need is to point specific paths (such as /api) to the Laravel application, while keeping other paths pointing to other services (such as React applications). When the configuration is incorrect, Nginx may not be able to parse the PHP file correctly, causing the PHP code to be displayed directly in the browser instead of the execution result. Here are the detailed steps on how to resolve this issue.

Make sure PHP-FPM is installed

PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is a process manager used to handle PHP requests. Make sure you have PHP-FPM installed on your server and that the version is compatible with your Laravel application. You can use the following command to install PHP-FPM. The specific version number will be adjusted according to your PHP version:

 sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php8.1-fpm # Example: Install PHP-FPM for PHP 8.1

After the installation is complete, start the PHP-FPM service:

 sudo systemctl start php8.1-fpm # Example: Start PHP-FPM for PHP 8.1
sudo systemctl enable php8.1-fpm # Set up auto-start at boot

Configure Nginx

Next, Nginx needs to be configured to forward requests for specific paths to PHP-FPM. Edit the Nginx configuration file (usually located in the /etc/nginx/sites-available/ directory) and find the server block related to your Laravel application.

Assuming you wish to point the /api path to your Laravel application, here is an example configuration:

 server {
    listen 80;
    server_name domain.com;
    root /var/www/app; # The root directory of the React application index index.html;

    location /api {
        alias /var/www/api/public/; # The public directory of Laravel application try_files $uri $uri/ /api/index.php?$query_string;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            #root /var/www/api/public; # Comment out because alias has been defined in location /api

            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf; # Contains the general configuration of PHP-FPM fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock; # Specifies the socket file path of PHP-FPM fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        }
    }

    location/{
        # React application configuration try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}

Configuration details:

• location /api : Defines rules for handling /api paths.
  • alias /var/www/api/public/: Specifies the public directory of the Laravel application as the root directory of /api.
  • try_files $uri $uri/ /api/index.php?$query_string;: Try to find the requested URI as a file or directory. If it is not found, the request is redirected to Laravel's entry file index.php and the query string is passed.
• location ~ \.php$ : defines the rules for processing PHP files.
  • include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;: Contains the PHP-FPM general configuration provided by Nginx, which includes some commonly used fastcgi_param settings.
  • fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;: Specify the socket file path of PHP-FPM. Please adjust according to your PHP-FPM version and configuration. You can use ps aux | grep php-fpm to find the socket file path.
  • fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;: Set the SCRIPT_FILENAME parameter to tell PHP-FPM the path to the PHP file to be executed. $document_root is the root directory of Nginx, and $fastcgi_script_name is the requested PHP file name.
• location / : defines the rules for processing the root directory, configured here as a React application.

Things to note:

• Make sure fastcgi_pass points to the correct PHP-FPM socket file path.
• Adjust the PHP-FPM configuration and socket file path according to your PHP version.
• Check file and directory permissions to ensure that the Nginx and PHP-FPM processes have access to the Laravel application's files.

Restart Nginx and PHP-FPM

After completing the configuration, save the file and restart the Nginx and PHP-FPM services:

 sudo nginx -t # Test whether the configuration is correct sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm # Example: Restart PHP-FPM for PHP 8.1

Test configuration

Now, you can test whether your Laravel application can parse PHP files correctly by visiting domain.com/api. If everything is configured correctly, you should be able to see the Laravel application page.

Summarize

Through the above steps, you should be able to successfully configure Nginx and PHP-FPM so that Laravel applications can correctly parse PHP files and coexist with other services (such as React applications). Be sure to adjust the configuration according to your actual environment and PHP version, and ensure that file and directory permissions are correct.

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