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Table of Contents
Install and Load openpyxl
Read and Write Cell Data
Apply Formatting and Styles
Save Your Changes
Home Backend Development Python Tutorial How to automate Excel spreadsheets with Python openpyxl

How to automate Excel spreadsheets with Python openpyxl

Sep 26, 2025 am 05:10 AM
excel python

Use the openpyxl library to automate Excel operations. After installation, import the library, create or load workbooks, read and write data through cell coordinates or row and column indexes, apply fonts and fill styles to improve readability, and finally save the file, support dynamic naming to avoid overwriting, and is suitable for repetitive tasks such as report generation.

How to automate Excel spreadsheets with Python openpyxl

Automating Excel spreadsheets with Python using openpyxl is a practical way to handle relative tasks like formatting, data entry, report generation, and analysis. This library allows you to read from and write to Excel (.xlsx) files without needing Microsoft Excel installed. Here's how to get started and apply common automation techniques.

Install and Load openpyxl

Before working with Excel files, install the library using pip:

pip install openpyxl

Then import it in your script:

from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook

You can create a new workbook or load an existing file:

  • Create new: wb = Workbook()
  • Load existing: wb = load_workbook('data.xlsx')

Read and Write Cell Data

Access worksheets and cells directly by name or index:

ws = wb['Sheet1']

Read a cell value:

value = ws['A1'].value

Write to a cell:

ws['A1'] = 'Hello World'

You can also use numeric row and column indexing with cell(row, col) :

ws.cell(1, 2).value = 'Column B'

This flexibility makes it easy to loop through rows and update values ??dynamically.

Apply Formatting and Styles

Enhance readingability by applying fonts, borders, and colors:

from openpyxl.styles import Font, PatternFill

Example: Make text bold and set background color:

ws['A1'].font = Font(bold=True)
ws['A1'].fill = PatternFill(start_color="FFFF00", end_color="FFFF00", fill_type="solid")

Use this for headers or highlighting key data automatically after processing.

Save Your Changes

After making updates, save the workbook:

wb.save('updated_file.xlsx')

If you're generating reports, include timestamps in filenames to avoid overwriting:

from datetime import datetime
wb.save(f'report_{datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M")}.xlsx')

Basically just combine reading, modifying, and styling steps into a script that runs on demand or as part of a larger workflow. openpyxl handles most standard Excel operations cleanly and efficiently.

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