使用xmlstarlet或xmllint可安全遍歷XML文件，避免用grep、sed等文本工具。1. 安裝xmlstarlet后，用xmlstarlet sel -t -m "http://item" -v "name" -o ": " -v "price" -n data.xml輸出每項名稱與價格。2. 可結合while循環(huán)處理分隔數據：xmlstarlet sel -t -m "http://item" -v "concat(name,'|',price)" -n data.xml | while IFS='|' read -r name price; do echo "Item: $name, Price: $price"; done。3. 用xmllint需先獲取節(jié)點數count=$(xmllint --xpath "count(//item)" data.xml)，再通過索引循環(huán)調用--xpath "http://item[$i]/name/text()"提取各值。推薦優(yōu)先使用xmlstarlet實現簡潔高效解析。

To loop through an XML file in a bash script, you should avoid parsing XML with basic text tools like grep, sed, or awk because they can't reliably handle nested structures or attributes. Instead, use proper XML parsing tools such as xmllint (from libxml2) or xmlstarlet. Here's how to do it effectively.

Using xmlstarlet (Recommended)

Install xmlstarlet:
On Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install xmlstarlet
On CentOS/RHEL: sudo yum install xmlstarlet or dnf install xmlstarlet

Example XML file (data.xml):

<items>
  <item id="1">
    <name>Apple</name>
    <price>1.20</price>
  </item>
  <item id="2">
    <name>Banana</name>
    <price>0.80</price>
  </item>
</items>

Loop through each item using xmlstarlet:

xmlstarlet sel -t -m "//item" \
  -v "name" -o ": " \
  -v "price" -n data.xml

This outputs:

Apple: 1.20
Banana: 0.80

You can also capture values in a while loop:

xmlstarlet sel -t -m "//item" \
  -v "concat(name, '|', price)" -n data.xml | \
while IFS='|' read -r name price; do
  echo "Item: $name, Price: $price"
done

Using xmllint with XPath

Get the number of items:

count=$(xmllint --xpath "count(//item)" data.xml)

Loop by index:

for ((i=1; i

<font color="#FF0000">Note: This method is slower and less elegant than xmlstarlet, especially for large files.</font>

<h3>Handling Namespaces</h3>
<font color="#000000">If your XML uses namespaces, you must declare them.</font>

<p>For example, with a namespace:</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">
<root xmlns:ns="http://example.com/ns">
  <item><name>Widget</name></item>
</root>

In xmlstarlet:

xmlstarlet sel -N ns="http://example.com/ns" -t \
  -m "//ns:item" -v "ns:name" -n data.xml

Basically, use xmlstarlet for clean, reliable XML processing in bash. It handles structure, attributes, and namespaces correctly—something raw string parsing can't do safely.

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