定義子組件中的props，可使用數(shù)組或?qū)ο笳Z法進(jìn)行聲明和驗(yàn)證；2. 在父組件中通過v-bind或其簡寫:將數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給子組件；3. 支持傳遞字符串、數(shù)字、布爾值、數(shù)組和對象等多種數(shù)據(jù)類型；4. 遵守props只讀原則，不在子組件中直接修改props，而是通過本地data或computed屬性處理；5. 模板中使用kebab-case命名傳遞props，即使定義時使用camelCase；6. 始終對可復(fù)用組件的props進(jìn)行類型和必要性驗(yàn)證以提升健壯性，正確使用props能確保組件間通信的可預(yù)測性和可維護(hù)性。

In Vue.js, props are the primary way to pass data from a parent component to a child component. They allow you to create reusable and modular components by making them dynamic and data-driven. Here’s how to use props effectively.

1. Define Props in the Child Component

First, declare the props you expect to receive in the child component. You can do this using the props option in the component definition.

<!-- ChildComponent.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <p>Name: {{ name }}</p>
    <p>Age: {{ age }}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: ['name', 'age']
}
</script>

Alternatively, use object syntax for better type checking and validation:

export default {
  props: {
    name: {
      type: String,
      required: true
    },
    age: {
      type: Number,
      default: 18,
      validator: (value) => value >= 0
    }
  }
}

This ensures name is a required string, and age is an optional number with a default value.

2. Pass Data from the Parent Component

In the parent component, use v-bind (or the shorthand :) to pass data to the child’s props.

<!-- ParentComponent.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <ChildComponent :name="userName" :age="userAge" />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildComponent from './ChildComponent.vue'

export default {
  components: {
    ChildComponent
  },
  data() {
    return {
      userName: 'Alice',
      userAge: 25
    }
  }
}
</script>

You can also pass static values:

<ChildComponent name="Bob" :age="30" />

Note: Static values are passed as strings unless bound with :.

3. Handling Different Data Types

Vue supports passing various data types via props:

• Strings: <ChildComponent name="John" />
• Numbers: <ChildComponent :age="25" />
• Booleans: <ChildComponent :isActive="true" />
• Arrays: <ChildComponent :hobbies="['reading', 'coding']" />
• Objects: <ChildComponent :user="{ name: 'John', age: 30 }" />

For complex data, it’s best to pass them from the parent’s data or computed properties.

4. Important Rules and Best Practices

• Props are read-only in the child component. Never mutate a prop directly. If you need to modify it, use a local data property or a computed property.

  ? Don’t do this:

  this.name = 'New Name' // Warning: Avoid mutating prop

  ? Instead, use:

  data() {
    return {
      localName: this.name
    }
  }

• Use kebab-case when passing props in templates (even if defined in camelCase):

  <ChildComponent user-name="Alice" />

  This is because HTML attributes are case-insensitive.

• Always validate props when building reusable components to catch errors early.

Using props properly makes your components predictable and easier to debug. They form the foundation of parent-child communication in Vue. Basically, define them in the child, pass them from the parent, and never change them directly in the child.

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