安裝DHCP服務器角色：通過服務器管理器添加DHCP服務器角色并完成安裝；2. 在Active Directory中授權(quán)DHCP服務器：在域環(huán)境中右鍵DHCP服務器并選擇授權(quán)以防止惡意DHCP服務；3. 創(chuàng)建DHCP作用域：定義IP地址范圍、子網(wǎng)掩碼、排除地址、租約期限，并配置默認網(wǎng)關和DNS服務器；4. （可選）配置其他選項：設置DNS后綴、WINS或自定義選項以增強功能；5. 驗證與監(jiān)控：重啟客戶端獲取IP，檢查地址租約并啟用沖突檢測，確保服務正常運行且定期備份，最終實現(xiàn)自動分配IP并穩(wěn)定運行。

Setting up a DHCP server on Windows Server is a straightforward process, but it requires careful planning to avoid IP conflicts and ensure smooth network operations. Here’s how to do it step by step.

1. Install the DHCP Server Role

Before configuring DHCP, you need to install the DHCP Server role on your Windows Server (e.g., Windows Server 2016, 2019, or 2022).

1. Open Server Manager.
2. Click Add roles and features.
3. In the wizard, click Next until you reach the Server Roles section.
4. Check the box for DHCP Server.
5. A pop-up may appear about required features — click Add Features if prompted.
6. Continue through the wizard, then click Install.
7. Wait for the installation to complete, then click Close.

? Tip: If you're using Server Core (command-line only), use PowerShell:
Install-WindowsFeature DHCP -IncludeManagementTools

2. Authorize the DHCP Server in Active Directory

If your server is in an Active Directory environment, the DHCP server must be authorized to prevent rogue DHCP servers from issuing IPs.

1. Open DHCP Manager (go to Server Manager → Tools → DHCP).
2. Right-click IPv4 (or the server name) and select Authorize.
3. Wait a few moments for the status to change to "Authorized".

?? Note: This step is required only in AD domains. Standalone servers don’t need authorization.

3. Create a DHCP Scope

A scope defines the range of IP addresses the server can assign.

1. In DHCP Manager, right-click IPv4 and select New Scope.
2. Click Next, then give the scope a name and description (e.g., "Corporate LAN").
3. Define the IP address range:
   • Start IP: e.g., 192.168.1.100
   • End IP: e.g., 192.168.1.200
   • Subnet mask: usually 255.255.255.0
4. Optionally exclude IP addresses (e.g., for static devices like printers or routers).
5. Set the lease duration (default is 8 days — adjust based on your network needs).
6. Configure router (default gateway) — enter your network’s gateway IP (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
7. Set DNS servers — enter the IP(s) of your DNS servers (e.g., your domain controller).
8. Choose whether to activate the scope now — select Yes.
9. Click Finish.

? Example:

• Scope Name: Office LAN
• IP Range: 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200
• Gateway: 192.168.1.1
• DNS: 192.168.1.10 (your DC)

4. (Optional) Configure Additional Options

You can enhance DHCP functionality by setting additional options:

• DNS Suffix: Set under Scope Options → 015 DNS Domain Name.
• WINS or NetBIOS: Useful in older environments.
• Time Servers, Print Servers, etc.: Use Advanced tab → Add custom options.

To add:

1. Right-click Scope Options → Configure Options.
2. Check the desired option and enter the value (e.g., your domain name for DNS suffix).

5. Verify and Monitor

After setup:

• Restart a client machine or run ipconfig /renew to get an IP from the new DHCP server.
• In DHCP Manager, check Address Leases under IPv4 to see active clients.
• Monitor for conflicts using the Conflict Detection Attempts setting (recommended: 1–2).

? Tip: Enable conflict detection via PowerShell:
Set-DhcpServerv4OptionValue -ComputerName "YourServer" -ScopeId 192.168.1.0 -DnsDomain "yourdomain.local"

That’s it. Your DHCP server should now be issuing IP addresses automatically. Just make sure it’s backed up regularly and integrated with your DNS if using dynamic updates. Basically, once it’s set up and tested, it runs quietly in the background.

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