在C#中，static關鍵字用于定義屬于類型本身的成員，無需實例化即可訪問。1. 靜態(tài)變量被類的所有實例共享，適用于跟蹤全局狀態(tài)，如記錄類的實例化次數(shù)；2. 靜態(tài)方法屬于類而非對象，不能直接訪問非靜態(tài)成員，常用于工具類中的輔助函數(shù)；3. 靜態(tài)類不能被實例化，僅包含靜態(tài)成員，適合組織無狀態(tài)的實用方法，但無法繼承或?qū)崿F(xiàn)接口。使用時需注意內(nèi)存管理和線程安全問題。

In C#, the static keyword is used to define members (like variables, methods, and classes) that belong to the type itself rather than to any specific instance of the type. This means you can access them without needing to create an object of that class.

Static Variables (Fields)

A static variable is shared among all instances of a class. It's initialized only once when the class is first loaded, and any changes made to it are reflected across all instances.

Use case:
Let’s say you're keeping track of how many times a class has been instantiated. Instead of having each object store its own count, you can use a single static variable:

public class Counter
{
    public static int Count;

    public Counter()
    {
        Count  ;
    }
}

Now, if you do this:

Counter c1 = new Counter();
Counter c2 = new Counter();
Console.WriteLine(Counter.Count); // Outputs: 2

You can see that the static field keeps a running total across all instances.

• Static fields are great for caching data or storing global state.
• But be careful — because they live for the lifetime of the app domain, overuse can lead to memory bloat.

Static Methods

Static methods belong to the class, not an instance. That means you can't access non-static members from within a static method directly.

Example:

public class MathUtils
{
    public static int Add(int a, int b)
    {
        return a   b;
    }
}

You call it like this:

int result = MathUtils.Add(3, 5);

• You don’t need to create an object just to use utility functions.
• Common in helper or utility classes where object state isn’t needed.

Static Classes

A static class is a class that cannot be instantiated and contains only static members. It's sealed by default, so you can’t inherit from it.

Example:

public static class StringHelper
{
    public static string ToTitleCase(string input)
    {
        return System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase(input.ToLower());
    }
}

This makes sense for extension-style utilities that don’t rely on internal state.

• Good for grouping related utility methods together.
• Can’t have instance constructors or implement interfaces.

These uses of the static keyword make certain parts of your code more efficient and easier to organize, especially when working with shared resources or utility logic. Just remember to use them thoughtfully — static members aren't always testable or thread-safe out of the box.

基本上就這些。

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