要通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用PXE引導(dǎo)安裝Windows，需先準(zhǔn)備DHCP服務(wù)器、TFTP服務(wù)器、PXE支持的網(wǎng)卡、Windows安裝文件及部署服務(wù)；1.在Windows上安裝WDS并配置引導(dǎo)和安裝映像；2.在Linux上安裝dnsmasq和tftpd-hpa并配置DHCP和TFTP路徑；3.掛載ISO并復(fù)制安裝文件至服務(wù)器；4.確保防火墻開(kāi)放端口且配置正確；5.客戶(hù)端啟用PXE引導(dǎo)并選擇安裝選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行安裝。

Setting up a PXE boot environment to install Windows over the network is super handy if you're managing multiple machines or just want to avoid USB drives. It’s not something most people do daily, but once it's set up, it saves time in the long run.

What You Need Before Starting

Before diving into the setup, make sure you have the right tools and components:

• A working DHCP server (can be your router or a separate machine)
• A TFTP server to serve the boot files
• A PXE-enabled NIC on the client machine
• Windows installation files (ISO or extracted sources)
• A server running something like Windows Deployment Services (WDS), or Linux with dnsmasq/tftpd setup

Also, keep in mind that your client machine must support PXE booting — almost all modern PCs do, but you might need to enable it in the BIOS/UEFI settings.

Setting Up the PXE Server

The easiest way to go about this depends on whether you're using Windows or Linux as your server.

On Windows, you can use WDS:

1. Install the Windows Deployment Services role via Server Manager.
2. Configure the server to respond to PXE requests.
3. Import the boot image (use the boot.wim from your Windows ISO).
4. Add an install image (the actual Windows OS files).

On Linux, you’ll typically use a combo of dnsmasq or ISC DHCP tftpd-hpa:

1. Install necessary packages (dnsmasq, tftpd-hpa, syslinux).
2. Configure dnsmasq to handle DHCP and point to your TFTP server.
3. Place the appropriate boot files (like pxelinux.0, menu.c32) in the TFTP root.
4. Set up a menu configuration so users can pick which OS to install.

Make sure your firewall allows UDP ports 67 (DHCP) and 69 (TFTP). Also, check that the TFTP server path is correct and accessible.

Preparing the Windows Installation Files

Once your PXE server is ready, the next step is preparing the actual Windows install files.

If you’re using WDS, just import the ISO directly through the GUI. On Linux, you'll need to manually extract the contents of the Windows ISO, especially the sources/install.wim.

You may also want to create a custom boot image with drivers or scripts added, but that’s optional unless you're deploying to specific hardware.

Here’s what you usually do:

• Mount the Windows ISO.
• Copy the contents to a folder on your server.
• Make sure the boot image (boot.wim) is placed where the PXE server expects it.
• Link the install image in your PXE config so it boots properly.

Some setups require converting install.wim to install.esd for size reasons, but that’s more advanced.

Booting the Client and Installing Windows

Now that everything’s set up, it’s time to test it out.

1. Start the client machine and enter BIOS/UEFI settings.
2. Enable network/PXE boot and move it to the top of the boot order.
3. Save and exit — the machine should start loading the PXE boot files.
4. Once the boot menu appears, select the Windows install option.
5. Follow the standard Windows installer steps.

A few gotchas to watch for:

• The client must be on the same network segment as the PXE server.
• Some UEFI systems may require Secure Boot to be disabled or set to "other OS" mode.
• If you see timeouts or no boot menu, double-check your DHCP and TFTP logs.

If everything goes smoothly, you’ll be installing Windows without touching a USB stick.

基本上就這些。

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